Physiology Flashcards
Hemopoiesis
production of new blood vessels
Red bone marrow
Type of connective tissue that produces white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.
Yellow bone marrow
mainly consists of adipose cells. Stores triglycerides and exists as an energy reserve
Functions of the skeletal system:
- support soft tissues such as organs
- provides attachment points for the tendons of most muscles
- protection; protects important organs
- stores energy in the form of adipose tissue (triglyceride)
Mesenchymal stem cells
stem cells that can develop into any kind of cell
Diaphysis
shaft/body of the bone
Epiphysis
Distal and proximal end of the bone
Metaphysis
Middle part between the epiphysis and Diaphysis
Epiphyseal growth plate
A plate made up of hyaline cartilage is found in the metaphyseal region. This growth plate is the reason that long bones grow in length and we grow on height until we hit puberty. After puberty, it starts to get calcified and doesn’t grow anymore
What kind of cartilage is at the articulating end of the bone?
Hyaline Cartilage
Periosteum
Dense irregular connective tissue that covers the outer layer of the bone (where it’s not covered by hyaline cartilage.
Functions of the periosteum:
- Protects the bone
- Helps in fracture repair
- Nourishes the outer layer of bone tissue
- Attachment sight for tendons and ligaments
- Helps the bone to grow in width
Medullary cavity
Hollow space in the diaphyseal region that contains lots of blood vessels and yellow bone marrow
Endosteum
A single layer of bone-forming cells that lines the medullary cavity
The functions of the endosteum:
- bone growth
- bone remodeling
- calcium homeostasis
what lines the medullary cavity?
Endosteium
what is in the medullary cavity?
blood vessels and yellow bone marrow
Where is a compact bone located?
Directly deep to the periosteum
majority of the diaphysis of long bones is made up of
Compact bone
Functions of Compact bones
- support
- protection (also protects the spongy bone that is located deep to it)
- resist the stress created by the weight and movement
spongy bone is always located
Deep to the compact bone
spongy bone is always located
Deep to the compact bone
the function of the spongy bone
it has hollow spaces that allow bone marrow to form
Characteristics of spongy bone:
- it has a honeycomb look
- it is very light, so reduced the weight of the bone
- it is less dense than compact bone
Characteristics of the compact bone
Vey strong and dense
Osteons
Microscopic, circular units that makeup compact bones