Physiological optics

Question 1

relationship between diffraction and aberrations

Answer 1

pupil increases in size, increase in diffraction effect and optical abberrations increase

Question 2

contrast

Answer 2

the difference in luminance or color that makes an object distinguishable

Question 3

weber contrast

Answer 3

(I - Ib)/Ib

Question 4

michelson contrast

Answer 4

Imax-Imin/Imax+Imin

Question 5

contrast threshold

Answer 5

the smallest amount of contrast required to see a target

Question 6

contrast sensitivity

Answer 6

reciprocal of contrast threshold. ability to perceive changes

Question 7

aniseikonia

Answer 7

difference in retinal sizes between the two eyes

Question 8

anisometropia

Answer 8

the two eyes have different refractive errors that differ 1.00 D or more

Question 9

amblyopia

Answer 9

unilateral or bilateral reduction in VA

Question 10

Hering’s Law of equal innervation

Answer 10

two eyes accommodate equally (accommodate to the lesser of the two)

Question 11

depth of field

Answer 11

range of object positions that result in a perceived clear retinal image

Question 12

depth of focus

Answer 12

range of image positions that result in a perceived clear image

Question 13

relationship between depth of field and depth of focus

Answer 13

equal diptrically not linearly

Question 14

spectacle accommodation

Answer 14

depends only on accommodative demand

Question 15

ocular accommodation

Answer 15

difference between effective power at the principal plane for an object at infinity and the effective power at the principal plane for an object at near