Physiological Factors Affecting Performance

Question 1

What are the motions that happen around the shoulder?

Answer 1

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, horizontal flexion/
extension, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction

Question 2

What muscles are around the shoulder?

Answer 2

Deltoid, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, trapezius, teres minor

Question 3

What’s the ranges of motion around the elbow?

Answer 3

Flexion, extension

Question 4

What muscles are around the elbow?

Answer 4

Bicep brachii, tricep brachii

Question 5

What ranges of motion occur at the wrist?

Answer 5

Flexion, extension.

Question 6

What muscles are around the wrist?

Answer 6

Wrist flexors, wrist extensors

Question 7

What are the ranges of motion around the hip?

Answer 7

Flexion, extension

Question 8

Name the muscles in the hamstring group.

Answer 8

Bicep femoris, semi- membranosus, semi-temdinous

Question 9

Name the muscles in the quadricep group.

Answer 9

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius and vastus medialis

Question 10

Ranges of motion around the ankle?

Answer 10

Dorsi flexion, plantar flexion

Question 11

Muscles around the ankle ?

Answer 11

tibialis anterior, soleus, gastrocnemius

Question 12

What are the roles of muscle?

Answer 12

Agonist, antagonist, fixator

Question 13

What is an agonist?

Answer 13

The muscle responsible for creating movement at the joint.
E.g the bicep brachii contracting in the upward phase of a bicep curl.

Question 14

what is antagonist muscle

Answer 14

The muscle that is replacing or lengthening.

Question 15

What is a fixator?

Answer 15

Muscles that work with the agonist muscle in creating effective movement by stabilising the bones during the movement.

Question 16

What are the 4 types of muscle contractions?

Answer 16

Isotonic
Concentric
Eccentric
Isometric

Question 17

What is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 17

Allows muscle to change length

Question 18

What is a concentric contraction?

Answer 18

The muscle will shorten during the movement.

Question 19

What is an eccentric contraction ?

Answer 19

The muscle will length during the movement

Question 20

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 20

Occurs without any shortening (concentric) and shortening (eccentric) convo the muscle

Question 21

What are the types of joint and an example of each?

Answer 21

Hinge- knee, elbow
Ball and socket - shoulder, hip
Candyloid- wrist
Pivot- neck
Saddle- thumb
Gliding joint- small homes in hand and foot

Question 22

What is a motor neuron?

Answer 22

Carry signals from the central nervous system to effectors

Question 23

What’s is action potential?

Answer 23

The change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell.

Question 24

What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 24

A chemical that is released from a nerve cell which thereby transmits an impulse from a nerve cell to another nerve, muscle, organ, or other tissue

Question 25

What is the ‘ all or none law’ ?

Answer 25

All muscle fibres will either be contracting or not activated at all. There is no in tween action potential.

Question 26

What are the 3 muscle fibre types?

Answer 26

Slow oxidative
Fast oxidative glycolytic
Fast glycolytic

Question 27

Describe the slow oxidative muscle type.

Answer 27

• stores oxygen I’m myoglobin and processes oxygen in the mitochondria to break down fats and glucose into ATP.
• high density of mitochondria and myoglobin
• aerobic; can last a long time without experiencing fatigue BUT can only produce a small amount of force in the contraction.