Physiological changes in pregnancy Flashcards
when do pregnant women experience pregnancy symptoms
?
when does maternal blood volume starts to expand
6-8 weeks gestation & plateaus at 32-34 weeks
how much weight gain occurs
8-10kg
overall increase in total body water
6.5-8.5 L
factors contributing to fluid retention
sodium retention
plasma osmolality decrease
thirst threshold decrease
plasma oncotic pressure decrease
Haematology indices which decrease
Hb Haematocrit plasma folate conc protein S activity plasma protein conc creatinine, urea,uric acid
Haematology indices which increase
ESR fibrinogen concentration activated protein C resistance factors 7,8,9,10 and 12 D dimers alkaline phosphate
WBC count
?
maternal brain and senses changes
?
changes in neck, oropharangeal tissue, breast &chest wall
?
ventilation
increasedby 8 weeks
diaphragmn elevated by enlarging uterus
minute volume
by 30-50% which might cause the SOB
minute volume= RR x tidal volume
RR remains unchanged
Tidal volume increases by 40%
what happens to residual volume & functual residual capacity & vitalcapacity
?
what happens to 2,3- diphospohoglycerate
increases.. Promotes release of oxygen from red cells
what are the arterial gas changes
pco2 decreases ..po2 increases
bicarbonate increases
Cardiac changes
What are the 3 factors which contribute to breathlessness?
?
How is oedema in extremeties caused?
?
Other cardiac symptoms
lightheadness & syncope - caused due to venous congestion by grand uterus
palpitations
premature ventricular and atrial beats
True or false
Cardiac output increases by 40% during pregancy and decreases by 34% during 2nd stage of labour
T
True or false
Increase in heart rate , stroke volume, cardiac output
Decrease in mean arterial pressure
Decrease in pulse pressure
Increase in total peripheral resistance
T
T
T
F
what are some ausculatory changes seen in some women
S1 loud
3rd heart sound audible
ejection systolic murmur
