Physiological changes in pregnancy

Question 1

when do pregnant women experience pregnancy symptoms

Answer 1

?

Question 2

when does maternal blood volume starts to expand

Answer 2

6-8 weeks gestation & plateaus at 32-34 weeks

Question 3

how much weight gain occurs

Answer 3

8-10kg

Question 4

overall increase in total body water

Answer 4

6.5-8.5 L

Question 5

factors contributing to fluid retention

Answer 5

sodium retention
plasma osmolality decrease
thirst threshold decrease
plasma oncotic pressure decrease

Question 6

Haematology indices which decrease

Answer 6

Hb
Haematocrit
plasma folate conc
protein S activity
plasma protein conc
creatinine, urea,uric acid

Question 7

Haematology indices which increase

Answer 7

ESR
fibrinogen concentration
activated protein C resistance
factors 7,8,9,10 and 12
D dimers
alkaline phosphate

Question 8

WBC count

Answer 8

?

Question 9

maternal brain and senses changes

Answer 9

?

Question 10

changes in neck, oropharangeal tissue, breast &chest wall

Answer 10

?

Question 11

ventilation

Answer 11

increasedby 8 weeks

diaphragmn elevated by enlarging uterus

Question 12

minute volume

Answer 12

by 30-50% which might cause the SOB

Question 13

minute volume= RR x tidal volume

Answer 13

RR remains unchanged

Tidal volume increases by 40%

Question 14

what happens to residual volume & functual residual capacity & vitalcapacity

Answer 14

?

Question 15

what happens to 2,3- diphospohoglycerate

Answer 15

increases.. Promotes release of oxygen from red cells

Question 16

what are the arterial gas changes

Answer 16

pco2 decreases ..po2 increases

bicarbonate increases

Question 17

Cardiac changes

What are the 3 factors which contribute to breathlessness?

Answer 17

?

Question 18

How is oedema in extremeties caused?

Answer 18

?

Question 19

Other cardiac symptoms

Answer 19

lightheadness & syncope - caused due to venous congestion by grand uterus
palpitations
premature ventricular and atrial beats

Question 20

True or false

Cardiac output increases by 40% during pregancy and decreases by 34% during 2nd stage of labour

Answer 20

T

Question 21

True or false

Increase in heart rate , stroke volume, cardiac output

Decrease in mean arterial pressure
Decrease in pulse pressure
Increase in total peripheral resistance

Answer 21

T

T
T
F

Question 22

what are some ausculatory changes seen in some women

Answer 22

S1 loud
3rd heart sound audible
ejection systolic murmur