Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

maternity/pediatrics > physiologic responses of the newborn to birth > Flashcards

physiologic responses of the newborn to birth Flashcards

1
Q

initiation of breathing

A

the first breath of life is in response to mechanical and reabsorptive, chemical, thermal and sensory changes assoc w/birth initiates the serial opening of the aveoli

creating the change from intrauterine life to extra uterine life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Initiating of respiration in the newborn

A
  • production of lung fluid diminishes 2-4 days before labor
  • 80-100ml remain in the passageway of a full term newborn
  • during birth, fetal chest is compressed and squeezes fluid
  • some fluid is reabsorbed withing 2-3 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mechanical process

A
  • as the fetus experiences labor there is a fetal gasp and active exhalation initiates the removal of fluid from the lungs
  • after the first inspiration the newborn exhales, with crying against a partially closed glottis, creating positive intrathoracic pressure
  • the high pressure distributes the inspired air throughout the alveoli and begins functional capacity
  • lung expansion helps the remaining lung fluid into the interstitial fluid
  • most of the lung fluid is reabsorbed in 2-24 hrs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

chemical stimuli

A
  • first breath is inspiratory gasp: triggered by increased PCO2 and decreased ph and PO2
  • changes trigger aortic and carotid chemorecepters: trigger brain’s respiratory center
  • natural result of a normal vaginal birth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

thermal stimuli

A

*significant decrease in environmental temp after birth
stimulates skin nerve ending
newborn response w/rhythmic resp.
*excessive cooling may lead to profound depression of cold stress

*98.6 to 70-75 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sensory stimuli

A

*intrauterine life
*dark
*sound dampened
*fluid filled environment
*weightless
*newborn experiences
*light
*sound
*effects of gravity
*abundance of tactile, auditory, and visual
stimuli of birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

characteristics of newborn of resp

A
  • newborns are nose breathers-nose is primary route of air entry (due to the anatomy of the epiglottis and soft palate)
  • nose and throat must be patient
  • immediately after birth RR=60-70 for first 2hrs
  • beware of < or > of resp rate=resp distress
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

onset of resp stimulates cardio changes

A

*as air enters the lungs, O2 content rises in alveoli and stimulates relaxation of pulmonary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

patent ductus arteriosus closes

A
  • with increased oxygenated pulmonary blood flow and loss of placenta, systemic blood flow increases, foramen ovale closes and PDA begins to close
  • leads to decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance
  • allows complete vascular flow to lungs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

characteristics of cardiac function

A
  • HR-avg resting rate- 100-160 bpm
  • apical rate for 1 min
  • check peripheral pulses
  • BP-HIGHEST AFTER BIRTH -LOWEST 3 HRS AFTER BIRTH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

BLOOD VOLUME

A
  • BLOOD VOLUME OF TERM INFANT ESTIMATED TO BE 80 ML/KG OF BODY WEIGHT
  • NEONATAL RBC = LIFESPAN 60-80 DAYS
  • AVERAGE NEWBORN WT. 7LBS 8 OZ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

NORMAL TERM NEWBORN CORD BLOOD VALUES

A

*HEMOGLOBIN 14-20 G/DL
*HEMATOCRIT 43-63%4
*WBC 10,000-30000/MM3
*WBC DIFFERENTIAL
NEUTROPHILS 40-80%
LYMPHOCYTES 20-40%
MONOCYTES 3-10%
*PLATELETS 150000-350000/MM3
*RETICUTOCYES 3-7%
*BLOOD VOLUME 82.3ML/KG (3RD
DAY AFTER
EARLY CORD
CLAMPING
92.6ML/KG (3RD
DAY AFTER
DELAYED
CORD CLAMP
*SODIUM 129-144
*POTASSIUM 3.4-9.9
*CHLORIDE 103-111
*BICARB 18-23
*CARBON DIOXIDE 13-29
*CALCIUM 8.2-111
*GLUCOSE 45-96
*TOTAL PROTEIN 4.8-7.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

HEAT LOSS IS CREATED

A
  • EVAPORATION (WET W/AMNIOTIC FLUID)
  • CONVECTION (LOSS OF HEAT FROM WARM BODY SURFACES TO COOLER AIR CURRENTS)
  • RADIATION (COOLER OBJECTS NEAR INCUBATOR)
  • CONDUCTION (COLD STETHOSCOPE, COLD HANDS)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

THERMOGENESIS

A
  • NONSHIVERING THERMOGENESIS
    • BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE (BAT) PROVIDES HEAT. PROMOTES RAPID METABOLISM, HEAT GENERATION , HEAT TRANSFER TO THE PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION

*FOUND IN MIDSCAPULAR AREA, AROUND
NECK, AXILLAS

*IF NEWBORN SHIVERS, METABOLIC RATE
DOUBLES

*INCREASED MUSCLE ACTIVITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

THERMOGENESIS

A

*BAT IS PRIMARY SOURCE OF HEAT IN HYPO-
THERMIC NEWBORN
*APPEARS IN FETUS AT 26-30 WEEKS
*INCREASED UNTIL 2-5 WEEKS AFTER BIRTH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CONJUGATION OF BILIRUBIN

A

THE NEWBORNS LIVER PLAYS A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN IRON STORAGE, CARB METABOLISM,
CONJUGATION OF BILIRUBIN AND COAGULATION

17
Q

PHYSIOLOGIC JAUNDICE

A 
*OCCURS IN 50% OF TERM AND 80% OF PRE-
  TERM NEWBORNS
*CAUSED BY ACCELERATED DESTRUCTION OF 
  FETAL RBC'S AND INCREASED REABSORP-
  TION OF BILLIRUBIN BY LIVER/NORMAL.
*PEAKS IN 3-5 DAYS IN THE FULL TERM BABY
18
Q

PHYSIOLOGICAL (NORMAL) JAUNDICE

A

*OCCURS IN MOST NEWBORNS
*DUE TO IMMATURITY OF THE BABY’S LIVER
WHICH LEADS TO SLOW PROCESSING OF
BILLIRUBIN
*APPEARS 2-4 DAYS OF AGE
*DISAPPEARS 1-2 WKS OF AGE

19
Q

JAUNDICE OF PREMATURITY

A

*OCCURS FREQUENTLY IN PREMIES
*LESS READY TO EXCRETE BILIRUBIN
EFFECTIVELY

20
Q

BREASTFEEDING JAUNDICE

A 
*OCCURS WHEN BABY NOT GETTING ENOUGH
 BREAST MILK (DIFFICULTY W/BREASTFEEDING 
 OR MOMS MILK ISN'T IN YET
*NOT CAUSED BY MOMS MILK/BABY NOT 
 GETTING ENOUGH
21
Q

BREAST MILK JAUNDICE

A 
*CAUSED BY THE MOMS BREAST MILK CAN 
  HAVE SUBSTANCES THAT CAUSE THE 
  BILIRUBIN LEVEL TO RISE
*IT CAN PREVENT THE EXCRETION OF 
 BILIRUBIN THROUGH THE INTESTINES
*STARTS 3-5 DAYS AND SLOWLY IMPROVES 
  OVER 3-12 WKS. TEMP CESSATION IS
  ADVISED UNTIL LEVEL DECREASE
22
Q

NURSING CARE FOR NEWBORNS

A
  • KEEP BABY WELL HYDRATED
  • KEEP BABY WARM
  • MONITOR STOOLS
  • ENCOURAGE EARLY FEEDING
23
Q

ELIMINATION

A

*MECONIUM IS FORMED IN UTERO
*NEWBORN PASSES MECONIUM WITHIN 48HRS
FREQUENCY OF BOWEL MOVEMENT VARIES
*1 STOOL EVERY 2-3 DAYS OR UP TO 10 PER
DAY
*BROWN/GREEN ABNORMAL/LOOK FOR
DEHYDRATION

24
Q

VOIDING

A

*93% VOID BY 24 HRS AFTER BIRTH AND 100%
VOID BY 48 HRS AFTER BIRTH
*INITIAL BLADDER VOLUME IS 6-44 ML URINE

*IF NEWBORN DOES NOT VOID WITHIN 48 HRS,
NURSE SHOULD ASSESS ADEQUACY OF
FLUID INTAKE, BLADDER DISTENTION
RESTLESSNESS, AND SYMPTOMS OF PAIN

25
Q

NEWBORNS IMMUNE SYSTEM

A 
*IMMUNE SYSTEM ISN'T FULLY ACTIVATED 
 UNTIL AFTER BIRTH
   *NEWBORN HAS POOR HYPOTHALAMIC 
    RESPONSE TO PYROGENS (FEVER NOT
    RELIABLE INDICATOR OF INFECTION
   *FAILURE TO RECOGNIZE, LOCALIZE AND
    DESTROY BACTERIA

*FEVER NOT RELIABLE INDICATOR OF
INFECTION
*IN NEWBORN PERIOD, HYPOTHERMIA IS
MORE RELIABLE INDICATOR OF INFECTIONS

26
Q

PASSIVE IMMUNITY FROM MOM

A

*LASTS 4 WEEKS
*OCCURS DURING 3RD TRIMESTER
*PRETERM MAY BE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO
INFECTION

27
Q

NEWBORNS OWN IMMUNITY

A 
*BREASTFED NEWBORN MAY HAVE PASSIVE
 IMMUNITY FROM MOM
*NEWBORNS START TO PRODUCE SECRETORY
 IgA IN THE INTESTINAL MUCOSA AT 4 WKS
*IgA RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTECTION OF RESP
 TRACT, GI AND EYES
28
Q

FIRST PERIOD OF REACTIVITY

A 
*SHOWS A PREDICTABLE PATTERN OF 
 BEHAVIOR DURING THE FIRST FEW HRS 
 AFTER BIRTH
*NEWBORN IS AWAKE AND ACTIVE
*APPEARS HUNGRY AND HAS STRONG REFLEX
*NATURAL OPPORTUNITY TO START BREAST
 FEEDING
*VITAL SIGNS ARE ELEVATED
29
Q

INACTIVITY TO SLEEP PHASE

A 
*AFTER 30 MIN, NEWBORN ACTIVITY 
 DECREASES
*HR & RESP DECREASE AS NEWBORN 
 ENTERS SLEEP PHASE
*WILL BE DIFFICULT TO ROSE AND WILL SHOW
 NO INTEREST IN SUCKING
30
Q

SECOND PERIOD OF REACTIVITY

A

*LASTS 4-6HRS IN NORMAL NEWBORN
*HR & RESP RATE INCREASE, NURSE NEEDS
TO BE ALERT FOR APNEIC PERIODS
*NEWBORN PASSES MECONIUM
*NEWBORNS SUCK,, ROOTS, AND
SWALLOWS (INBORN)

31
Q

NEWBORN BEHAVIOR

A

*DIVIDED INTO 2 CATEGORIES:

*SLEEP STATES
*DEEP OR QUIET SLEEP & ACTIVE EYE
MOVEMENTS (REM)
- LENGTH OF CYCLE DEPENDS ON AGE OF
NEWBORN
-GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION DEPENDS
ON REGULAR SLEEP PATTERN
*ALERT STATES
*FIRST 30-60 MIN AFTER BIRTH, MANY
NEWBORNS DISPLAY QUIET ALERT STATE
*NURSES SHOULD USE ALERT STATES TO
ENCOURAGE BONDING AND BREASTFEED
*INCREASING WAKEFULNESS INDICATES
MATURING ABILITY TO MAINTAIN
CONSCIOUSNESS
*GOOD TIME FOR BONDING

32
Q

VISUAL ABILITY

A 
*NORMAL VISUAL SENSORY-PERCEPTUAL 
 ABILITIES OF NEWBORN ARE:
  -NEWBORN IS ABLE TO BE ALERT, FOLLOW
   AND FIXATE ON COMPLEX VISUAL STIMULI
   FOR SHORT PERIODS OF TIME
  -ORIENTATION
33
Q

AUDITORY ABILITY

A 
*NORMAL AUDITORY SENSORY-PERCEPTUAL
 ABILITIES OF NEWBORN ARE:
  -NEWBORN ABLE TO BE ALERT AND SEARCH
   FOR APPEALING AUDITORY STIMULUS
  -NEWBORNS CAN PROCESS & RESPOND
   TO VISUAL AND AUDITORY STIMULATION
34
Q

OLFACTORY, TASTE, SUCKLING, TACTILE

A 
*OLFACTORY
    NEWBORN ABLE TO SELECT PEOPLE BY 
    SMELL
*TASTE AND SUCKLING
    NEWBORN ABLE TO RESPOND 
    SELECTIVELY TO DIFFERENT TASTES
*NEWBORN VERY SENSITIVE TO BEING 
  TOUCHED, CUDDLED AND HELD
*NEWBORN ABLE TO ATTEND TO AND 
 INTERACT W/ENVIRONMENT

maternity/pediatrics (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions