PHYSIOLOGIC & PATHOLOGIC

Question 1

Increased BUA

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 1

Physiologic:

• Purine-rich diet
• Excessive consumption of alcohol beverages

Pathologic:

• Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
• Tumor lysis syndrome

Question 2

Decreased BUA

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 2

Physiologic:

• Chemotherapy
• Inadequate dietary zinc intake

Pathologic:

• Fanconi syndrome
• HIV infection

Question 3

Hyperproteinemia

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 3

Physiologic:

• dehydration
• chronic inflammation

Pathologic:

• Hepatitis B
• Hepatitis C

Question 4

Hypoproteinemia

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 4

Physiologic:

• limiting food intake
• following restrictive diet

Pathologic:

• malnutrition
• Celiac disease

Question 5

Hypoalbuminemia

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 5

Physiologic:

• reduced essential amino acids in diet
• malabsorption

Pathologic:

• Chronic liver disease
• Nephrotic syndrome

Question 6

Hyperalbuminemia

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 6

Physiologic:

• high protein diet
• excessive albumin infusion

Pathologic:

• dehydration
• shock

Question 7

Increased BUN

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 7

Physiologic:

• Excessive protein intake
• Stress

Pathologic:

• High blood pressure
• Diabetes

Question 8

Decreased BUN

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 8

Physiologic:

• Low-protein diet
• Impaired metabolic activity

Pathologic:

• Severe liver disease
• Acute tubular necrosis

Question 9

Increased creatinine

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 9

Physiologic:

• large amount of proteins
• large amount of physical activities

Pathologic:

• Chronic kidney disease
• Kidney obstruction

Question 10

Decreased creatinine

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 10

Physiologic:

• low muscle mass
• reduced muscle bulk

Pathologic:

• liver problems
• muscle disease such as muscular dystrophy

Question 11

Increased SGPT

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 11

Physiologic:

• Fatigue
• drinking alcohol

Pathologic:

• heart attack
• hepatitis C

Question 12

Increased SGOT

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 12

Physiologic:

• increased alcohol consumption
• consumption of herbal & dietary supplements

Pathologic:

• Cirrhosis
• Liver disease

Question 13

Increased ALP

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 13

Physiologic:

• Physiologic bone grwoth
• lifestyle (eating fatty foods & drinking too much alcohol)

Pathologic:

• Osteoporosis
• Osteomalacia

Question 14

Increased GGT

Physiologic:
Pathologic:

Answer 14

Physiologic:

• high alcohol consumption
• use of enzyme-inducing drugs

Pathologic:

• Obstructive liver disease
• hepatobiliary disease