Physio Organization of the Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Left heart

Answer 1

Left atrium/ventricle + mitral valve

Involved in systemic circulation

Question 2

Right heart

Answer 2

Right atrium/ventricle + tricuspid valve

Involved in pulmonary circulation

Question 3

Systemic Circulation

Answer 3

L ventricle –> aortic valve –> aorta –> aortic arteries –> arteries –> arterioles –> capillaries –> venules –> veins –> superior vena cava/inferior vena cava –> R atrium

Question 4

Pulmonary Circulation

Answer 4

R ventricle –> pulmonic valve –> pulmonary artery –> lungs –> pulmonary veins –> L atrium

Question 5

What drives blood flow?

Answer 5

differences in pressure and resistance; bulk flow

Question 6

How do nutrients/O2 get from capillaries to the cells?

Answer 6

diffusion; capillaries are main site of transport of things between bloodstream/interstitial fluid

Question 7

Systemic circulation is…

Answer 7

high pressure system

Question 8

Pulmonary circulation is…

Answer 8

low pressure system

Question 9

The rate at which blood is pumped from either ventricle is …

Answer 9

Interdependent (mutually dependent)

Question 10

Cardiac output

Answer 10

rate which blood is pumped from either ventricle

Question 11

Venous return

Answer 11

rate blood is returned to the atria from the body (through the superior/inferior vena cava)

Question 12

Normal cardiac output

Answer 12

5 liters/minute

Question 13

Cardiac index

Answer 13

cardiac output/square meter of body surface area

Question 14

Normal cardiac index

Answer 14

3 L/min/m^2

Question 15

Result of left and right heart being in series

Answer 15

cardiac output of left heart= cardiac output of right heart

Question 16

Frank Starling’s Law of Heart

Answer 16

stretch of ventricle during diastole is proportional to the stroke work achieved in systole

Question 17

Failure of left ventricle to empty properly results in:

Answer 17

decreased blood flow to systemic organs, dammed up blood in the left atrium, pulmonary veins/arteries

Question 18

What determines blood flow to individual organs?

Answer 18

controlled independently based on the activity of the organs

Question 19

Brain O2 consumption vs cardiac output distribution

Answer 19

18%; 14%

Question 20

Kidneys O2 consumption vs cardiac output distribution

Answer 20

6%; 22%

Question 21

Liver/gut O2 consumption vs cardiac output distribution

Answer 21

30%; 21%

Question 22

Skin O2 consumption vs cardiac output distribution

Answer 22

2%; 6%

Question 23

Left and right heart are in…

Answer 23

in series

Question 24

Blood flow to organ systems is in…

Answer 24

in parallel

Question 25

Arterial system to organs is in parallel, which means (3 points):

Answer 25

• blood flow into one organ system is not dependent on another organ system upstream
• adjustments can be made to one system without affecting blood flow to another organ system
• all systems receive identical blood (arterial blood)

Question 26

What precedes mechanical contraction?

Answer 26

Electrical excitation

Question 27

EKG

Answer 27

records electrical activity of heart

Question 28

What does EKG capture?

Answer 28

Extracellular signals produced by the conduction of the action potential through cardiac myocytes.

Question 29

P wave

Answer 29

depolarization of R/L atria

Question 30

PR interval

Answer 30

conduction of action potential from SA node to AV node

Question 31

QRS complex

Answer 31

R/L ventricular depolarization

Question 32

ST segment

Answer 32

isoelectric segment; marks the plateau of ventricular action potential and the rapid ejection phase

Question 33

T wave

Answer 33

ventricular repolarization

Question 34

QT interval

Answer 34

duration of ventricular depolarization + ventricular repolarization