PHYSIO BRAINSCAPE - Group 1A Flashcards
All of the following are true for homeostasis EXCEPT:
A. All organs of the body perform functions that help maintain these relatively constant conditions
B. Balances the relatively constant conditions of both external and internal environment.
C. Maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment.
D. Most control systems of the body act by negative feedback.
B
Which of the following are effectors for the Nervous Control mechanism of bodily functions? A. Brain and Spinal Cord B. Muscles and Glands C. Stomach and Liver D. Skin
B
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the major cation in the extracellular fluid and \_\_\_\_\_\_ in the intracellular fluid. A. Calcium; Potassium B. Calcium; Magnesium C. Sodium; Potassium D. Sodium; Calcium
C.
It is also called the internal environment or milieu intérieur of the body. A. Extracellular Fluid B. Interstitial Fluid C. Intracellular Fluid D. Intercellular Fluid
A
15% of the body weight is the interstitial fluid, where can it specifically be seen? A. Intercellular fluid B. In the blood plasma C. Extracellular fluid D. Intercellular spaces
D.
Which of the following are major anions in the ECF? A. Bicarbonate and Phosphate B. Chloride and Bicarbonate C. Chloride and Phosphate D. Chloride, Bicarbonate, and Phosphate
B
In a 50kg woman which of the following is TRUE regarding the volumes of her body fluids? A. TBW= 40L B. ICF= 20L C. ECF= 20L D. Plasma= 7.5L
B
ECF is \_\_% of body weight. ICF is \_\_% of body weight. TBW is \_\_% of body weight. A. 60; 40; 20 B. 20; 40; 60 C. 40; 60; 20 D. 60; 20; 40
B.
Which is NOT true regarding nervous control?
A. It operates at a subconscious level and controls many functions of the internal organs.
B. It is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
C. It uses organic message.
D. Its mediators are neurons.
C
Hormones: Mediators:: Nerves and synapses:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ A.Effector B.Linking Mechanism C.Mediator D.Response Target
B
Which of the following is not a true statement?
A. Smooth ER: also know as granular ER and it is responsible for detoxification and lipid synthesis
B. Rough ER ribosomes: bound for cell membrane, lysosomes and outside of the cell.
C. Free floating ribosomes: creates proteins and bound for cytoplasm and mitochondria.
D. Golgi Apparatus: closely related to the endoplasmic reticulum, for packaging of proteins and molecular tagging
A
Which of the following is not a function of glycocalyx?
A. Imparts a negative electrical charge.
B. Attachment to glycocalyx of the other cells.
C. Receptor substances for binding hormones and for immune reactions .
D. Vesicular organelles that form by breaking off from the Golgi apparatus
D
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a fibrillar proteins synthesized by ribosomes in the cytoplasm and it function is to provide rigid physical support for certain parts of the cell. A. Cytoplasm B. Cytoskeleton C. Endoplasmic Reticulum D. Peroxisomes
B
Which of the following is not a true description of the following cell component?
A. Secretory vesicles: formed by the ER Golgi apparatus system, for storage of enzymes that are not yet activated and for replenishing the plasma membrane whenever it forms phagocytic or pinocytic vesicles.
B. mitochondria: forms ATP, does not follow genetic code, it has its own DNA and it penetrated by several thousand of nuclear pores.
C. Nucleolus: does not have a limiting membrane and it becomes considerably enlarged when the cell is actively synthesizing proteins .
D. ER: network of tubular and flat vesicular structures in the cytoplasm.
B
Which of the following is not true regarding Fluid Mosaic Model? A. phospholipid bilayer B. With hydrophobic end C. Amphiphatic D. Not repelled by water and are not mutually attracted to one another.
D
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is not embedded in the cell membrane, are not covalently bound to membrane components and loosely attached to the cell membrane by electrostatic interactions? CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWER. A. Peripheral proteins B. Membrane Proteins C. Integral proteins D. Membrane lipids
A
Collective term of different substances that make up the cell. A. Protoplasm B. Water C. Structural proteins D. Electrolytes
A
Which of the following is true regarding mitochondria? A. Without inner and outer membrane? B. The liberated energy is used to synthesized a “high energy” substance called ATP C. Chronic exercise decrease the density of mitochondria to supply the additional energy required D. no answer
B
Long intracellular filaments that form microtubules and fibrillar proteins? A. Structural proteins B. Functional proteins C. Cell membrane D. Membrane proteins
A
Possession of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties? A. Amphoteric B. Amphiphatic C. Amphibolic D. None of the above
B
It is the crawling movement of an entire cell in relation to its surroundings, such as movement of white blood cell through tissues. A. Amoeboid movement B. ciliary movement C. flagelllar movement D. whipping movement
A
It is a whiplike movement that occurs on the surfaces of the respiratory airways and on the inside surfaces of the uterine tubes (falopian tubes) of the reproductive tract. A. Amoeboid movement B. ciliary movement C. flagelllar movement D. crawling movement
B
Each cilium is an outgrowth of a structure that lies immediately beneath the cell membrane, called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ of the cilium. A. flagella B. basal body C. head D. cell membrane
B
The most important initiator of ameboid locomotion is the process called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. chemotaxis B. chemotactic substance C. phagocytic substance D. endotaxis
A
Any chemical substance that causes chemotaxis to occur is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. chemotaxis B. chemotactic substance C. positive chemotaxis D. Negative chemotaxis
B
Adenine : Guanine : \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ : Cytosine A. Tyrosine B. Cysteine C. Thymine D. Tryptophan
C
RNA that carries the genetic code to the cytoplasm for controlling the type of protein formed. A. rRNA B. tRNA C. mRNA D. DNA
C
RNA that transfers amino acid molecules to protein molecules as the protein is being synthesized. A. rRNA B. tRNA C. mRNA D. DNA
B
It refers to changes in physical and functional properties of cells as they proliferate in the embryo to form the different bodily structures and organs. A. Cell Mitosis B. Meosis C. Cell cyle D. Cell differentiation
D
What type of endocytosis occurs continually in the cell membrane and ingests minute particles inside the cell cytoplasm? A. Phagocytosis B. Amoeboid C. Diffusion D. Pinocytosis
D
The particular form of energy to which a receptor is most sensitive A. Lateral inhibition B. Adequate stimulus C. Desensitization D. Postsynaptic potential
B
Depolarization is the opening of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ channels A. Ca+ B. K+ C. Na+ D. Cl-
A
Secreted by neurons in the substantia nigra A. Serotonin B. Dopamine C. Norepinephrine D. GABA
B
Type of inhibition caused by the release of an inhibitory substance onto the outsides of presynaptic nerve fibrils before their endings terminate on the postsynaptic neuron
A. Presynaptic inhibition
B. Postsynaptic inhibition
C. Nerve Fibrils inhibition
D. Neurotransmitter inhibition
A
It is the additive effect produced by numerous EPSPs that originated from the same synapse by a series of high-frequency action potentials on the presynaptic neuron
A. Temporal summation
B. Spatial summation
C. IPSP
D. Occlusion
A
It is produced by a number of EPSPs that were generated at different synapses on the same postsynaptic neuron
A. Spatial summation
B. Temporal summation
C. Facilitation Zone
D. Discharge Zone
C
Type of neuronal circuit wherein the signals from multiple inputs unite to excite a single neuron A. Convergence B. Divergence C. Reverberation D. Recruitment
A
The transmitter that is purely excitatory
A. GABA
B. Nitric oxide
C. Serotonin
D. Glutamate
D
The following nerve terminals secrete Gamma-AminoButyric Acid (GABA), EXCEPT:
A. Cerebellum
B. Spinal cord
C. Basal ganglia
D. Cerebrum
D
The spatial distribution from which a stimulus produces a response
A. Lateral field
B. Weber-Fechner Law
C. Receptive field
C
This stage of hemostasis initiates the formation of a platelet plug. A. Secondary Hemostasis B. Clot Retraction C. Primary Hemostasis D. Platelet Adhesion
C
The first stage in formation of the Platelet Plug is Platelet Adhesion which refers to platelets’
A. Sticking to surfaces such as subendothelium
B. Sticking to other platelets
C. Providing the surface for assembly of clotting factors
D. Releasing of thromboxane A2, ADP and serotonin
A
If the platelet count is below \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bleeding might be present. A.150000/UL B. 200000/UL C.50000/UL D.350000/UL
C
This factor is important for normal platelet aggregation. A. Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex B. Calcium C. Glycoprotein Ib D. Tissue Factor
A
This activates protein C which inactivattes factor V and VIII. A. Heparin B. Antithrombin III C. Thrombin D. Thrombomodulin
D
Vitamin K is used to produce prothrombin and other clotting factors in which organ? A. Spleen B. Liver C. Pancreas D. Thymus
B
Which of the following is associated with Hemophilia A or Classic Hemophilia? A. Factor X B. Factor II C. Factor XI D. Factor VIII
D
Which of the following binds fibrinogen and supports platelet aggregation? A. gp Ib/IX/V B. gp IIb/IIIa C. gp Ia/IIa D. P2Y1
B
Which are Vitamin K dependent coagulation proteins? A. I, V, VIII, XIII B. II, VII, IX, X C. II, III, IV, XI D. I, II, V, XIII
B
Which is not true for Primary Hemostasis?
A. involves blood vessels and platelets only
B. formation of platelet plug
C. bleeding time as a screening test
D. clotting time as screening test
D
Information processing includes all of the following except:
A. Perception of sensory information
B. Effects motor output
C. Thought processes and conscious awareness
D. Emotion and motivation
B
The following describes the general function of the nervous system except: A. Sensory detection B. Information processing C. Expression of behavior D. Direct long term functions
D
Which of the following is destroyed in the disease Multiple Sclerosis? A. Myelin sheath B. Astrocytes C. Neuroglia D. Neurons
A
A major cell type in the Nervous System that maintains the internal milieu of the nervous system. A. Neurons B. Neuroglia C. Schwann Cells D. Satellite Cells
B
It is a type of neuroglia that help remove the cellular products of the damage. A. Satellite Cells B. Ependymal Cells C. Macroglia D. Microglia
D
It is the nerve impulses that travel away from the soma. A. Axon B. Dendrite C. node of Ranvier D. Cell body
A
The gaps formed between the myelin sheath that facilitate rapid conduction of nerve impulses. A. Axon hillock B. Terminal buttons C. Node of Ranvier D. Dendrite
C
Which is true in unmyelinated nerve fiber? A. It consists of Aα fiber. B. It consists of Aδ fiber. C. It consists of B fiber. D. It consists of C fiber.
D
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed by the ependymal cells of the A. Choroid plexus B. Arachnoid mater C. Cerebellum D. Cerebrum
A
They are sensory neurons found in olfactory epithelium, the retina of the eye, and ganglia of the vestibulocochlear nerve A. Unipolar Neuron B. Bipolar Neuron C. Pseudo-unipolar Neuron D. Multipolar Neuron
B
Which of the following transport moves across the membrane that is against the concentration gradient? A. Co-transport B. Diffusion C Osmosis D. Ligand-Gated Channels
A
All of the following are true in Passive and Active Transport EXCEPT:
A. There is no energy used in diffusion
B. Carrier proteins are used in Passive Transport
C. Glucose is transported via Carrier-Mediated Transport
D. ATP is needed by the Active Transport
A
In Fick’s law, thickness is used to divide what factor? A. Concentration gradients B. Concentration coefficient C. Permeability coefficient D. Permeability constant
C
Osmosis is the net movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane caused by a concentration. All of the following are true in osmosis EXCEPT:
A. The solvent is the substance that dissolves. It undergoes diffusion from low solute to high solute concentration.
B. Osmolality determines the osmotic pressure between solutions.
C. Osmotic pressure prevents backflow across the membrane.
D. Tonicity is influenced by non-permeating solutes.
A
What type of transport is characterized by molecular conformation of its chemical bonds that responds to the electric potential across the cell membrane? A. Co-transport B. Facilitated Diffusion C. Ligand-gated D. Voltage-gated
D
Which is TRUE regarding facilitated diffusion?
A. It is stereospecific and depends on saturation.
B. It occurs downhill from a gradient and also called symport.
C. It is faster than simple diffusion and does not require additional energy.
D. Its rate of diffusion depends on permeability and concentration gradients.
C
Which is NOT an example of the characteristics of Carrier-Mediated Transport?
A. D-glucose is transported by facilitated diffusion but the L-isomer is not.
B. Galactose is a competitive inhibitor of glucose transport in the small intestine.
C. Once transport maxima of glucose has been reached, glucose is spilled in urine.
D. Solutes move in opposite directions across the membrane.
D
Primary active transport requires direct input of metabolic energy. Which of the following is NOT an example of primary active transport?
A. Ca2+ ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum
B. H+/K+ ATPase in parietal cells of the stomach
C. Na+/K+ ATPase in cells
D. Na+/H+ in proximal tubules
D
Which of the following is a function of Na+/K+ ATPase?
A. It initiates osmosis of water into the cell.
B. It moves a negative charge from interior to the exterior of the cell for each cycle.
C. It promotes net loss of ions out of the cell.
D. It activates swelling of the cell.
C
Secondary active transport is different from primary active transport for many reasons, which of the following is TRUE of secondary active transport?
A. Usually an anion is transported uphill.
B. Metabolic energy is provided indirectly from the Na+ gradient.
C. The two types of secondary active transport are called uniport and antiport
D. Na+/ Cl- in distal convoluted tubule is an example of exchange transport.
B
What causes both depolarization and repolarization of the nerve membrane during action potential? A. Potassium Channel B. Voltage-gated sodium channel C. Na-k pump D. Diffusion potential
B
This plays an important role in increasing the rapidity of repolarization of the membrane: A. Voltage-gated K+ Channel B. Voltage-gated Na channel C. Na-K pump D. Diffusion potential
A
its degree of activity is strongly stimulated when excess sodium ions accumulate inside the cell membrane A. K channel B. Aquaporins C. Na, K ATPase pump D. Diuretic amiloride
C
It is the diffusion potential that balances the tendency for diffusion that is caused by concentration gradient. A. Equilibrium potential B. Electrochemical equilibrium C. Resting membrane potential D. Repolarization
A
These channels are opened or closed by changes in membrane potential. A. Ligand-gated channels B. Voltage-gated channels C. Aquaporins D. Diffusion Potential
B
These channels are opened or closed by hormones, second messengers or neurotransmitters. When open, it is permeable to Na and K causing the motor and plate to depolarize. A. Ligand-gated channels B. Voltage-gated channels C. Aquaporins D. Action potential
A
It is the potential difference generated across a membrane because of a concentration difference of an ion. It can be generated only if the membrane is permeable to the ion. A. Equilibrium Potential B. Resting Membrane Potential C. Diffusion potential D. Action potential
C
This is established by diffusion potentials that result from concentration differences of permanent ion. A. Equilibrium potential B. Resting membrane potential C. Diffusion potential D. Action potential
B
This contributes only indirectly to the resting membrane potential by maintaining, across the cell membrane, the Na and K concentration gradients that then produces diffusion potentials. A. K channels B. aquaporins C. Na-K pump D. diuretic amiloride
C
This is a property of excitable cells which consists of a rapid depolarization, or upstroke, followed by repolarization of the membrane potential. A. Equilibrium potential B. Resting membrane potential C. Diffusion potential D. Action potential
D
