Physio Acid-Base Flashcards
**Acid = **
**Proton Donor **
**Acidosis = **
**a condition which causes an increase in [H+] **
** Acidemia=**
the presence of greater than normal [H+] in blood
Base=
**Proton Acceptor **
Alkalosis:
**a condition which causes a decrease in [H+] **
Alkalemia:
** the presence of less than normal [H+] in blood **
**Importance of maintaining acid-base balance? **
**protein structure (and, therefore, function) is dependent on prevailing [H+]. **
As a general rule, domestic animals can withstand proton concentrations that are between approximately __________ times the homeostatic normal [H+].
As a general rule, domestic animals can withstand proton concentrations that are between approximately 1/3 and 3 times the homeostatic normal [H+].
At equilibrium, the concentrations of water, proton and hydroxide are _________.
At equilibrium, the concentrations of water, proton and hydroxide are constant.
Since dissociation is so infrequent, we can treat [H2O] as a constant =
Since dissociation is so infrequent, we can treat [H2O] as a constant = **55.56 M **
[H+] in pure water =
[H+] in pure water = 10^-7 M
pH is defined as ____________where the unit of concentration is M;
pH is defined as –log10[H+] where the unit of concentration is M;
Pure water is considered ________, since the concentrations of H+ and OH- are equal.
Pure water is considered neutral, since the concentrations of H+ and OH- are equal.
an increase in [H+] is accompanied by a _________ in [OH-], and a __________ of the pH of the solution.
an increase in [H+] is accompanied by a decrease in [OH-], and a lowering of the pH of the solution.
Decrease in pH means the solution is more…..
acidic (increase in [H+])
A strong acid or base is one which…….
A strong acid or base is one which **readily dissociates **
Strong acids/bases exhibit high actual……
Strong acids/bases exhibit high actual acidity/alkalinity.
The ________________ of an acid or a base is expressed as its dissociation constant, Ka (i.e., the Keq of an acid/base).
The relative strength of an acid or a base is expressed as its dissociation constant, Ka (i.e., the Keq of an acid/base).
Which is the stronger acid- acetic or citric?
Citric!
Citic Acid has a higher dissociation constant so it would yield more proton.
more proton = stronger acid
Since strong acids are those which ________ readily, the ________ species is always present in greater concentration than the __________ species.
Since strong acids are those which ionize readily, the dissociated species is always present in greater concentration than the protonated species.
pK is a term which is commonly used only with _____acids
pK is a term which is commonly used only with weak acids
organisms are net producers of ______.
organisms are net producers of acid.
At ____, a weak acid is best able to resist changes
in pH in the face of addition or removal of H+ from solution, i.e., to buffer changes in [H+].
At pK, a weak acid is best able to resist changes
in pH in the face of addition or removal of H+ from solution, i.e., to buffer changes in [H+].
The reason why a buffer does its best buffering at its ____ is because it exists abundantly in both the protonated and dissociated forms.
The reason why a buffer does its best buffering at its pK is because it exists abundantly in both the protonated and dissociated forms.
**This permits it to donate significant amounts of H+ if [H+] decreases and titrate significant amounts of H+ if [H+] increases. **
In general, buffers work well at pH values within__________of the pK.
In general, buffers work well at pH values within 1.0 pH unit of the pK.
**Henderson-Hasselbalch equation **
**pH = pK + log10 ([A-] /[HA]) **
a buffer does its best buffering at its _____ and still does a reasonably good job (i.e., still possesses valuable “buffering power”) within _____ of its pK.
a buffer does its best buffering at its pK and still does a reasonably good job (i.e., still possesses valuable “buffering power”) within 1 pH of its pK.
•Too much or too little proton changes protein ___________.
•Too much or too little proton changes protein structure.
•Proteins that are _________ can’t do their jobs – enzymes, receptors, pumps, etc. can’t work.
•Proteins that are denatured can’t do their jobs – enzymes, receptors, pumps, etc. can’t work.
Remember: The difference between each pH unit is _______ of ten, not ______ of ten.
Remember: The difference between each pH unit is a POWER of ten, not multiple of ten.
_________ blood is more acidic than ___________ blood, because cells form CO2 and lactic acid. Venous blood picks up these waste products
Venous blood is more acidic than arterial blood, because cells form CO2 and lactic acid. Venous blood picks up these waste products
•Normal pH of circulating plasma =
•Normal pH of circulating plasma = 7.4
•Animal is dead if: pH ≤ ____ and pH ≥ ___
•Animal is dead if: pH ≤ 6.9 and pH ≥ 7.9
•We want plasma pH to be ____, even though we know arterial and venous blood vary a bit.
•We want plasma pH to be 7.4, even though we know arterial and venous blood vary a bit.
•Plasma pH is not always 7.4 because cells are always making _____. Aerobic cells are always producing _____.
•Plasma pH is not always 7.4 because cells are always making acid. Aerobic cells are always producing CO2.
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-
•CO2 reacts with water ____________in the body.
•CO2 reacts with water EVERYWHERE in the body.
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-
•The more CO2 that’s put in water, the more _______ you get.
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-
•The more CO2 that’s put in water, the more proton you get.
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-
•Always remember: CO2 in aqueous solution is ______!
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-
•Always remember: CO2 in aqueous solution is an acid!
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-
•The _______ remove CO2 from plasma.
CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3 ↔ H+ + HCO3-
•The lungs remove CO2 from plasma.
Normal Values in Plasma!
[HCO3-] =
P CO2 =
Normal Values in Plasma!
[HCO3-] = 24 mM/L
P CO2 = 40 mm Hg
What will you see in plasma when •HCO3- and CO2 travel together.
–One goes ↑ or ↓ due to a problem, and the other also goes ↑ or ↓ in compensation
What will you see in plasma with a •Metabolic acid-base disorder:
–H+ goes in opposite direction of HCO3- and CO2
What will you see in plasma with •Respiratory acid-base disorder:
–H+, HCO3-, and CO2 all go in same direction
