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physiological Optics Mid > Physio > Flashcards

Physio Flashcards

To MEMORIZE all terms by heart and soul and liver at kidney tangina yan

1
Q

Light sensitive layer at the back of the eye that covers about 65% of its interior surface

A

Retina

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2
Q

The functional coat of the eye

A

Retina

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3
Q

Rods and cones are what

A

Photoreceptors

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4
Q

These are the photoreceptors of the eye

A

Rods and cones

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5
Q

Specialized type of neurons or nerve cells found in the eye’s retina

A

Rods and cones

Photoreceptors

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6
Q

Small, yellowish central portion of the retina

A

Macula lutea

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7
Q

Composed of optic nerve fibers that carry visual information from the retina to the brain

A

Optic nerve

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8
Q

Cable connecting the eyes and the brain

A

Optic nerve

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9
Q

This is located in the center of the macula region of the retina

A

Fovea

Fovea centralis

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10
Q

Cylindrical photoreceptor

A

Rods

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11
Q

A photoreceptor that functions less in light

A

Rods

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12
Q

Photoreceptor that functions well in night time

A

Rods

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13
Q

Photoreceptor that functions best in daylight

A

Cones

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14
Q

It renders mechanical support to the eyeball

A

Sclera

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15
Q

Protects the eyeball by giving mechanical support

A

Sclera

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16
Q

Transitional are by short ciliary nerves posteriorly and long ciliary nerves anteriorly

A

Limbus

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17
Q

Space filled with aqueous humor

A

Anterior chamber

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18
Q

Triangular in shape with the apex arising from the termination of descemet’s membrane

A

Trabecular meshwork

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19
Q

Intermediate vascular coat of the eye

A

Vascular tunic

Middle tunic

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20
Q

A layer of retina despite lack of vascularity, its very active in regeneration or abrasion

A

Anterior epithelium

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21
Q

Peripheral organ of vision

A

Eyeball

Eyes

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22
Q

Antero-posterior diameter of eyeball in ADULTS

A

24mm

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23
Q

Antero-posterior diameter of eyeball ay birth

A

18mm

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24
Q

Toughest layer of the eye

A

Sclera

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25
Q

5/6th outer fibrous layer of the eye

A

Sclera

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26
Q

Clear outer fibrous layer of the eye

A

Cornea

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27
Q

Secreted by ciliary process

A

Aqueous humor

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28
Q

Most vascular portion of the eye

A

Ciliary process

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29
Q

Most vascular portion of the eye

A

Ciliary process

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30
Q

Maintains intraocular pressure.

Removes waste products from the intraocular tissues.

A

Aqueous humor

31
Q

How many % of incident light is transmitted to the eye?

A

90%

32
Q

Increase corneal thickness
Loss of transparency
Gives rise to epithelial edem
Causes glaucoma or blindness

A

IOP

intraocular pressure

33
Q

Anti-bacterial component of tears

A

Lysozymes

34
Q

Hydrated glycoprotein makes the corneal surface hydrophillic

A

Mucin layer

35
Q

Deficiency of any of the 3 layers of the corneal tear film

A

Dry eyes

36
Q

Absence of light

A

Blindness

37
Q

Transmembrane protein

A

Opsin

38
Q

Area providing the most distinct and clearest vision

A

Fovea centralis

39
Q

Whats the visual acuity of a healthy macula

A

20/20

40
Q

Visual cells of the eye

A

Rods and cones

41
Q

Cranial nerve 2

A

Optic nerve

42
Q

Center of the macula

A

Fovea

43
Q

Part of the fundus where photoreceptors are absent

A

Blinspot

44
Q

Inner most layer of the eye

A

Tunica intima

Inner nervous tunic

45
Q

Continuation of axons of the ganglion cells in the retina

A

Optic nerve

46
Q

Layers that are absent in albinos

A

RPE

retinal pigment epithelium

47
Q

Complex system of nerves that sends impulses through optic nerve

A

Retina

48
Q

Small depression in the center of optic disc

A

Optic cup

49
Q

Muscle that initiates a particular movement

A

Agonist

50
Q

A muscle in the same eye that assists another muscle in accomplishing an action

A

Synergist

51
Q

A muscle in the same eye that works against a particular action

A

Antagonist

52
Q

A movement of one eye separately

A

Duction

53
Q

Horizontal movement Away from the nose.

Contraction of the lateral rectus muscle with equal relaxation of the medial rectus muscle.

A

Abduction

54
Q

Horizontal movement towards the nose.

Contraction of the medial rectus muscle with equal relaxation of the lateral rectus muscle.

A

Adduction

55
Q

Medical term for UP/ ELAVATION

A

supraduction

56
Q

Down/ depression

A

Infraduction

57
Q

Simultaneous movement of both eyes

A

Versions

58
Q

Innervation to one EOM to contract generates an equal innervation to its yoke muscle

A

Hering’s law

59
Q

Simultaneous movement of both eyes in opposite direction

A

Vergence

60
Q

Light enters from the RPE Retinal pigment epithelium

A

GCL

ganglion cell layer

61
Q

Also called nerve fibers whose function is to carry impulses and initiate activity in the body

A

Neurons

62
Q

Carries impulses from the brain to the receptor cells

A

Efferent fiber

63
Q

Carries impulses from the organ to the brain

A

Afferent fiber

64
Q

The stimuli for vision

A

Light

65
Q

Line of communication between efferent and afferent

A

Fibers reflex Arc

Interneurons

66
Q

Nearly all activities of the gland and muscles are called

A

Reflexes

67
Q

Fovea has no ____.

A

Rods

68
Q

Night receptor

A

Rod

69
Q

Day receptor

A

Cone

70
Q

Unconscious responses. Automatic response

A

Reflex

71
Q

The space between 2 neurons are called

A

Synapse

72
Q

Contains only one space where info in the spinal cord travels between two nerves (neurons)

A

Simple reflex

73
Q

Parts of monosynaptic simple reflex

A

Sensor
Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
Muscle that creates an action

74
Q

Knee jerk reflex is

A

Monosynaptic reflex

physiological Optics Mid (2 decks)

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