physio

Question 1

types of anemias with low MCV (>80)

Answer 1

• iron deficient
• sideroblastic
• thalassemia
• anemia of chronic disease

Question 2

anemias w normal mcv (80-99)

Answer 2

• anemia of chronic disease
• paraoxysmal nocturnal

Question 3

the most common underlying cause of iron deficiency anemia in an older man

Answer 3

colon cancer

Question 4

lab report of iron deficient anemia

Answer 4

• decrease in ferritin
• increased transferrin
• hypochromic
• microcytic

Question 5

Plummer Vinsion Syndrome is associated with which type of anemia + what are other symptoms

Answer 5

• Iron deficient
  Webs (esophageal)
  IDA
  Dysphagia (trouble in swallowing)
  (when i diarrhea)

Question 6

most common cause of sideroblastic anemia

Answer 6

ALA synthase deficiency (enzyme in porphyrin pathway)

Question 7

which drug causes sideroblastic anemia

Answer 7

isoniazid
this decreases B6 which decreases ALA synthase and thus haem

Question 8

a person who lives in a house built in 1970 has sideroblastic anemia, why?

Answer 8

lead from the painted walls inhibits enzyme Ferro kelatase in the porphyrin synthesis pathway so no haem

Question 9

how to identify rbcs with sideroblastic anemia

Answer 9

Prussian blue ring, due to accumulation of iron in mitochondria

Question 10

lab reports of sideroblastic anemia

Answer 10

high ferratin
low transferrin
high iron

Question 11

type of 2 deletions in alpha thalassemia

Answer 11

mild anemia
cis (same chromosme) : Asian
trans (diff chromosome) : African

Question 12

4 deletions of alpha loci causes?

Answer 12

hydrops fetalis

Question 13

2 allele deletion of beta gene causes?

Answer 13

major beta thalasemia
hemopoiesis occurs in skull
chipmunk face
hair on end
splenomeglay

Question 14

what type of anemia does anemia of chronic disease fall under?

Answer 14

normocytic and microcytic
KAR CD
Kidney disease
Autoimmune disease
Rheumatological diseases

Question 15

aplastic anemia occurs due to

Answer 15

loss of hematopoietic precursors in bone marroe
(exposure to chemo, high radiation, bezene, autoimmunie disorders,idiopathic)

Question 16

polycythemia vera vs normal Hct%

Answer 16

vera : 60
normal : 45

Question 17

cause of secondary polycythemia

Answer 17

• increased epo production
• hypoxia
• Renal cell and hepatocellular carcinoma
• high altitudes and CV diseases

Question 18

polycythemia symptom mechanisms

Answer 18

• increased RBC mass
• increased blood volume
• hypertension
• thrombosis
• increased platlets, blood clots, bleeding

Question 19

polcythemia symptoms

Answer 19

• may cause ruddish skin tone (blue) (subpapillary venous plexus)
• asymptomatic (only 1/3 experience elevated arterial pressure)
• red puffy skin (facial plethora)
• aquagenic pruritus
• deep vein thrombosis (budd chiari sydrome-hepatic vein)

Question 20

treatment of polycythemia ver

Answer 20

• phlebotomy
• hydroxyurea

Question 21

differentitate bw primary(vera) and secondary polycythemia

Answer 21

• vera : abnormal RBC production in bone marrow
• secondary : increased EPO production

Question 22

where is EPO produced

Answer 22

Kidney Cortex
Interstitial cells peritubular capillary
proximal convulated tubule

Question 23

A person with renal failure may experience normycitic anemia due to?

Answer 23

Decreased production of EPO

Question 24

aplastic anemia results in

Answer 24

pancytopenia (normal cells but not enough)
defective stem cells
acellular bone marrow (replacement w fat)

Question 25

most common cause of aplastic anemia

Answer 25

idiopathic-unknown trigger
t-cell mediated destruction