physio Flashcards
types of anemias with low MCV (>80)
- iron deficient
- sideroblastic
- thalassemia
- anemia of chronic disease
anemias w normal mcv (80-99)
- anemia of chronic disease
- paraoxysmal nocturnal
the most common underlying cause of iron deficiency anemia in an older man
colon cancer
lab report of iron deficient anemia
- decrease in ferritin
- increased transferrin
- hypochromic
- microcytic
Plummer Vinsion Syndrome is associated with which type of anemia + what are other symptoms
- Iron deficient
Webs (esophageal)
IDA
Dysphagia (trouble in swallowing)
(when i diarrhea)
most common cause of sideroblastic anemia
ALA synthase deficiency (enzyme in porphyrin pathway)
which drug causes sideroblastic anemia
isoniazid
this decreases B6 which decreases ALA synthase and thus haem
a person who lives in a house built in 1970 has sideroblastic anemia, why?
lead from the painted walls inhibits enzyme Ferro kelatase in the porphyrin synthesis pathway so no haem
how to identify rbcs with sideroblastic anemia
Prussian blue ring, due to accumulation of iron in mitochondria
lab reports of sideroblastic anemia
high ferratin
low transferrin
high iron
type of 2 deletions in alpha thalassemia
mild anemia
cis (same chromosme) : Asian
trans (diff chromosome) : African
4 deletions of alpha loci causes?
hydrops fetalis
2 allele deletion of beta gene causes?
major beta thalasemia
hemopoiesis occurs in skull
chipmunk face
hair on end
splenomeglay
what type of anemia does anemia of chronic disease fall under?
normocytic and microcytic
KAR CD
Kidney disease
Autoimmune disease
Rheumatological diseases
aplastic anemia occurs due to
loss of hematopoietic precursors in bone marroe
(exposure to chemo, high radiation, bezene, autoimmunie disorders,idiopathic)
polycythemia vera vs normal Hct%
vera : 60
normal : 45
cause of secondary polycythemia
- increased epo production
- hypoxia
- Renal cell and hepatocellular carcinoma
- high altitudes and CV diseases
polycythemia symptom mechanisms
- increased RBC mass
- increased blood volume
- hypertension
- thrombosis
- increased platlets, blood clots, bleeding
polcythemia symptoms
- may cause ruddish skin tone (blue) (subpapillary venous plexus)
- asymptomatic (only 1/3 experience elevated arterial pressure)
- red puffy skin (facial plethora)
- aquagenic pruritus
- deep vein thrombosis (budd chiari sydrome-hepatic vein)
treatment of polycythemia ver
- phlebotomy
- hydroxyurea
differentitate bw primary(vera) and secondary polycythemia
- vera : abnormal RBC production in bone marrow
- secondary : increased EPO production
where is EPO produced
Kidney Cortex
Interstitial cells peritubular capillary
proximal convulated tubule
A person with renal failure may experience normycitic anemia due to?
Decreased production of EPO
aplastic anemia results in
pancytopenia (normal cells but not enough)
defective stem cells
acellular bone marrow (replacement w fat)
most common cause of aplastic anemia
idiopathic-unknown trigger
t-cell mediated destruction
