Physiiology Flashcards
Atmosphere
Troposphere
Ionosphere
Ionospheres
Phyiological zones
Space equivalent zone (50,000 ft)
Deficient zone (10,000 ft to 50,000 ft)
Efficient zone (sea level to 10,000 ft)
Composition of air
78% nitrogen
21 oxygen
1% other
.03 co2
Atmospheric pressure
The measurement of pressure exerted on the earths surface from gases and water in the atmosphere
Measured in mercury
Permenant gases
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Argon
Noble gases
Variable gases
Significant pressure altitudes
0
18,000. 380 mmgh 1/2
Boyles law
The volume of a given gas varies invesrly with its pressure at constant temp
Dalton’s law
The total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the individual pressure (or partial pressure) of all gases in the mixture
Henry’s law
The quantity of gas dissolved in a given volume of liquid is proportional of the partial pressure of the gas in contact with the above liquid.
Grahams law
Describes rates of effusion (gas movement through a pin hole) will equalize out
Transfer of gases between atmosphere and lungs
Circulatory functions
System components of circulatory
Artieris (oxygenated)
Veins (deox)
Capalaries
Components of blood
Plasma
White blood cells
Platelets
Red blood cells
The red blood cell
Saturation of
Respiratory functions
Intake of oxygen
Removal of carb dox
Maintenance of heat balance
Maint of body acid base balance
Phases of respiration
Inhalation is active
Exhalation is passive l
Gaseous diffusion
Gas molecules of higher pressure move in the direction of gas monc
Gas exchange n lungs
Gas exchange between avid abs capillaries.
Hypoxia
S l States of oxygen deficiency in the blood cells abs tissues sufficient to cause impairment of function
How many types of hypoxia
4
What are the 4 types of hypoxia 7?
Hypoxia
hypemic
Stagnant
Historic
Hypoxia hypoxia
Hyspemic hypoxia
Two -
Carbonmonoxide takes up too much room in blood
Stagnant hypoxia
Oxygen carrying is good but circulation is not adequate
(Pressure points or g forces)
Historic hypoxia
Inability
Symptoms of hypoxia
Air hunger
Apprehension
Fatigue
Nausea
Headache
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Hot and cold flashes
Euphoria
Belligerence
Nu mbness
Tingling
Denial
Signs of hypoxia
Hyperventilation
Blueing of lips a finger tips
Mental confusion
Poor judgment
Loss of muscle coordination
Unconsciousness
Slouching
Hypoxia prevention /treatment
Limit time at altitude
pressurized cabin
Minimize self imposed stressors
100% oxygen
Treatment
100% oxygen
Descend altitude
Army aviation hypoxia prevention (approved oxygen will be used by aircraft crews r occupants for flights as follows
-
Stages of hypoxia icdc
’
Indifferent stage
Altitudes sea level to 10,000ft
Oxygen saturation: 98-90%
Compensatory stage
10,000 to 15000 ft
Oxygen sat
Disturbance stage
15,000 to 20000
Oxygen sat 79,70%
Symptoms
Critical stage
Altitudes, 20,000 ft above
Factors modifying hypoxia symptoms
Pressure altitude
Rate of ascent
Time at altitude
Temp
Physical activity
Individual factors
Physical fitness
Self-imposed stressors
Time of useful consciousness
Hyper ventilation
Hyperventilation systems
Corrective measures
Hyperventilation or hypoxia
I
Gas t
Lee
Gas expansion
Ear abs sinus blocks
Treatment of ear abs sinus blocks
On ascent ( rare )
On the
Barodontalgia
Tooth pain due to change in barometric pressure
Evolved gas disbarsism
-
Evolved gas disorders
Decompression sickness
Type I
- bends
- skin manifestations
Type ll
- chokes
- central nervous
The bends
When nitrogen gets trapped between joints
Skin manifestation
Nitrogen bubbles under the skin
The chokes
Nitrogen bubbles block the smaller pulmonary vessels
Central nervous system
Nitrogen bubbles are trapped in the brain or against
. The nervous system
Predisposing factors for Dcs
Rate of ascent
Altitude
Body fat content
Age
Dcs prevention
De-nitrogenation
Pressurized cabin
Limit time at altitude
Scuba divers beware
24 hour between flying after diving
Dcs treatment
Descend to the ground level
100% oxygen
Land at
