Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physics troll class > Physicsyaaaaaaaaaaaaay > Flashcards

Physicsyaaaaaaaaaaaaay Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards AP® Physics flashcards
1
Q

What is inertia?

A

Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its velocity. This includes changes to the object’s speed, or direction of motion.

An aspect of this property is the tendency of objects to keep moving in a straight line at a constant speed, when no forces act upon them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is weight and mass?

A

In scientific contexts, mass is the amount of “matter” in an object, whereas weight is the force exerted on an object by gravity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a load?

A

Load is a term frequently used in engineering to mean the force exerted on a surface or body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Hooke’s law?

A

The strain (deformation) of an elastic object or material is proportional to the stress applied to it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is stress and strain?

A

Stress is defined as the force experienced by the object which causes a change in the object while a strain is defined as the change in the shape of an object when stress is applied.

Stress is measurable and has a unit while a strain is a dimensionless quantity and has no unit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is deformation?

A

Alteration in the objects size and shape. Deformation is caused by stress, the scientific term for force applied to a certain area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are biomaterials?

A

Any substance or combination of substances, other than drugs, synthetic or natural in origin, which can be used for any period of time

Examples of biomaterials include metals, ceramics, glass, and polymers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Young’s modulus?

A

The Young’s Modulus of a material is a fundamental property of every material that cannot be changed.

It is dependent upon temperature and pressure however.

The Young’s Modulus (or Elastic Modulus) is in essence the stiffness of a material. In other words, it is how easily it is bended or stretched.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is elasticity?

A

Elasticity, ability of a deformed material body to return to its original shape and size when the forces causing the deformation are removed. A body with this ability is said to behave (or respond) elastically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is plasticity?

A

Plasticity, ability of certain solids to flow or to change shape permanently when subjected to stresses of intermediate magnitude between those producing temporary deformation, or elastic behaviour, and those causing failure of the material, or rupture (see yield point).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is viscoelasticity?

A

Viscoelasticity is the property of materials that exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics when undergoing deformation. Viscous materials, like water, resist shear flow and strain linearly with time when a stress is applied.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is isotropy and anisotropy?

A

Isotropic:
Properties of a material are identical in all directions.

Anisotropic:
Properties of a material depend on the direction; for example, wood. In a piece of wood, you can see lines going in one direction; this direction is referred to as “with the grain”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is mechanical oscillator?

A

A mechanical oscillation is a periodic conversion of energy from potential energy to kinetic energy to potential energy etc.

If the oscillation is “damped” then some energy is also converted to other forms (usually thermal energy and/or sound) during each of these “cycles” of PE to KE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is electromagnetical oscillator?

A

By nature, an electromagnetic oscillation is an ensemble of photons. … Only when the number of photons is large may such oscillations be considered a continuous process.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are forced oscillations?

A

Forced oscillations occur when an oscillating system is driven by a periodic force that is external to the oscillating system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are undamped oscillations?

A

When a Simple harmonic oscillator oscillates with a constant amplitude which does not change with time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are damped oscillations?

A

When a simple harmonic Oscillator oscillates with a decreasing amplitude with time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

“Simple harmonic motion” can be reduced to?

A

one simple sine (or cosine) wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Meaning of phase:

A

○ Angle (in radians)
○ During one full oscillation the phase changes
by 2π radians (360 degrees)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Oscillation examples related to medicine?

A

A model based on a harmonic oscillator describing
human walking and balance with the sinusoidal
trajectory of the center of mass of a subject during
gait is presented.

= Sinusoidal oscillation of the center of mass in the sagittal plane.

Respiratory- and heart rate.

tAlthough the heart beats spontaneously
(requires no external stimulation), it receives
continuous input from the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems. Sympathetic
nerves increase both rate and force of contraction.
Parasympathetic effects are essentially opposite.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are mechanical waves?

A

A mechanical wave is a wave that is not capable of transmitting its energy through a vacuum. Mechanical waves require a medium in order to transport their energy from one location to another. A sound wave is an example of a mechanical wave. Sound waves are incapable of traveling through a vacuum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the properties of waves?

A

There are three measurable properties of wave motion: amplitude, wavelength, and frequency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Amplitude of a wave?

A

Amplitude, in physics, the maximum displacement or distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position. It is equal to one-half the length of the vibration path.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Wavelength and frequency of a wave?

A

Wavelength can be defined as the distance between two successive crests or troughs of a wave. … Wavelength is inversely proportional to frequency.

This means the longer the wavelength, lower the frequency. In the same manner, shorter the wavelength, higher will be the frequency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

A transverse wave is a moving wave that consists of oscillations occurring perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer (or the propagation of the wave).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

Longitudinal waves are waves in which the displacement of the medium is in the same direction as, or the opposite direction to, the direction of propagation of the wave.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is echo?

A

Echo is a reflection of sound that arrives at the listener with a delay after the direct sound. The delay is directly proportional to the distance of the reflecting surface from the source and the listener.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Human can hear?

A

20-20,000 Hz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is sound intensity?

A

Sound intensity, amount of energy flowing per unit time through a unit area that is perpendicular to the direction in which the sound waves are travelling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is a doppler effect?

A

The Doppler effect, or Doppler shift, describes the changes in frequency of any kind of sound or light wave produced by a moving source with respect to an observer. Waves emitted by an object traveling toward an observer get compressed — prompting a higher frequency — as the source approaches the observer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is a dopplerography?

A

A Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive test that can be used to estimate the blood flow through your blood vessels by bouncing high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) off circulating red blood cells.

32
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing.

33
Q

Piezoelectricity?

A

Piezoelectricity is a phenomenon which means that there is a coupling between the electrical and the mechanical state of the material. When a piece of piezoelectric material is mechanically deformed, e.g. compressed, a current will flow and charge its faces.

34
Q

What is piezoelectric crystal?

A

Piezoelectric crystals are perfect for applications that require precise accuracy, such as the movement of a motor. In these devices, the piezoelectric material receives an electric signal, which is then converted into mechanical energy to force a ceramic plate to move.

35
Q

what is sound reflection?

A

When sound travels in a given medium, it strikes the surface of another medium and bounces back in some other direction, this phenomenon is called the reflection of sound. The waves are called the incident and reflected sound waves.

36
Q

What is acoustic impidence?

A

Acoustic impedance (Z) is a physical property of tissue. It describes how much resistance an ultrasound beam encounters as it passes through a tissue

37
Q

what is sound refraction?

A

sound waves bend or spread out is called refraction. This phenomenon involves the bending of a sound wave owing to changes in the wave’s speed.

38
Q

what is sound scattering?

A

yeeey

39
Q

What is attenuation?

A

Attenuation is the loss of signal strength in networking cables or connections. This typically is measured in decibels (dB) or voltage and can occur due to a variety of factors. It may cause signals to become distorted or indiscernible.

40
Q

What is ultrasonography?

A

A procedure that uses high-energy sound waves to look at tissues and organs inside the body. The sound waves make echoes that form pictures of the tissues and organs on a computer screen (sonogram). Ultrasonography may be used to help diagnose diseases, such as cancer.

41
Q

Positive- and negative doppler shift?

A

Positive if the source is moving away from us and negative if the source is moving towards the observer. Thus: if the source is moving away (positive velocity) the observed frequency is lower and the observed wavelength is greater (redshifted).

42
Q

What is cohesion?

A

Cohesion is a word that comes to us through physics, where cohesion describes particles that are the same and tend to stick together — water molecules, for example.

43
Q

What is adhesion?

A

Water is attracted to other substances.

44
Q

What is surface tension?

A

Property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of the water molecules.

45
Q

What is free surface energy?

A

Term surface free energy describes the excess energy that the surface has compared to the bulk of the material. At the bulk, the molecules have similar molecules on their sides and are pulled equally to all directions. This causes a zero-net force on the molecule.

46
Q

What is hydrophilic and hydrophobic?

A

Something defined as hydrophilic is actually attracted to water, while something that is hydrophobic resists water.

Materials with a special affinity for water — those it spreads across, maximizing contact — are known as hydrophilic. Those that naturally repel water, causing droplets to form, are known as hydrophobic

47
Q

What is capillary action?

A

Capillary action occurs when the adhesion to the walls is stronger than the cohesive forces between the liquid molecules. The height to which capillary action will take water in a uniform circular tube (picture to right) is limited by surface tension and, of course, gravity.

48
Q

What are molecular bonds?

A

Strong chemical bonds are the intramolecular forces that hold atoms together in molecules. A strong chemical bond is formed from the transfer or sharing of electrons between atomic centers and relies on the electrostatic attraction between the protons in nuclei and the electrons in the orbitals.

49
Q

What is viscosity of a fluid?

A

The viscosity of a fluid is a measurement of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. If talking specifically liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of thickness.

50
Q

In which part of a tube the flow rate is quicker?

A

For example, when a viscous fluid is spread thorugh a tube, its flowrate is quicker near the tube’s axis than near its walls. Some stress such as pressure change between two ends of the tube is needed to obtain the flow through the tube.

51
Q

Tube with a constant rate of flow….

A

Tube with constant rate of flow, the strength of the compensating force is proportional to the fluid’s viscosity.

52
Q

What is kinematic viscosity?

A

Kinematic viscosity is the ratio of dynamic viscosity to density. It is a quantity in which no force is involved.

53
Q

What is dynamic viscosity?

A

a dynamic viscosity is a measure of internal resistance

54
Q

Laminar- and turbulent blood flow?

A

With laminar flow, the speed increases steadily from the walls to the center.
Generally, human bodys blood flow is laminar.

However, with the case of a high flow, especially in the ascending aorta, laminar flow can be disrupted and become what is known as a turbulent flow. For example higher velocity and lower levels of blood viscosity seems to be the cause of turbulence flow which speed does not depend on position.

55
Q

What is blood viscosity?

A

It is a measurement of stickiness and thickness of someones (patient’s) blood. Why this is important to know? Well, because it determines the amount of friction against the blood vessels, the degree that a heart needs to work, and the oxygen dilivery by quantatity to the tissues and to different organs

56
Q

Newtonian and non-newtonian fluids?

A

Newtonian fluids obey Newton’s law of viscosity which is that the viscosity is independent of the shear rate.

On the contrast, a non-Newtonian fluid do not follow Newton’s law, which means that the viscosity is not constant and is dependent on the shear rate

57
Q

Examples of Newtonian and non-newtonian fluids?

A

Water and plasma are considered newtonian fluids. This means that their viscosity remains constant whether they are flowing fast or slowly. However a blood is a non-newtonian fluid which means that its viscosity changes with its velocity -> viscosity increases as the flow rate decreases.

58
Q

what are systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

A

The first number, called systolic blood pressure, measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart beats. The second number, called diastolic blood pressure, measures the pressure in your arteries when your heart rests between beats.

59
Q

What are static- and dynamic pressure?

A

Static pressure is the pressure you have if the fluid isn’t moving or if you are moving with the fluid. … Dynamic pressure is the pressure of a fluid that results from its motion. It is the difference between the total pressure and static pressure.

60
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

It is the force exerted on a surface by the air above it as gravity pulls it to Earth.

61
Q

What is Torricelli’s experiment?

A

The purpose of his experiment is to prove that the source of vacuum comes from atmospheric pressure.

62
Q

What is a stethoscope?

A

Stethoscope, medical instrument used in listening to sounds produced within the body, chiefly in the heart or lungs

63
Q

What is flow rate?

A 
Flow rate (Q) is the volume of liquid flowing
through per unit of time
64
Q

What is Poiseulle’s law?

A

It states that the flow (Q) of fluid is related to a number of factors: the viscosity (n) of the fluid, the pressure gradient across the tubing (P), and the length (L) and diameter(r) of the tubing.

65
Q

What is decompression sickness?

A

Physiological effects of the formation of gas bubbles in the body because of rapid transition from a high-pressure environment to one of lower pressure.

66
Q

Henry’s law?

A

According to Henry’s law, gasses dissolve in
liquids. The higher the gas pressure, the more
gas is dissolved

67
Q

What are gas mixtures?

A

The medical gases used in anesthesia and
intensive care are oxygen, nitrous oxide,
medical air, Entonox, carbon dioxide, and
heliox. Oxygen is one of the most widely
used gases for life-support and respiratory
therapy besides anesthetic procedures

68
Q

Indirect measurement of blood pressure steps:

A

The artery is compressed with an inflatable cuff to
stop blood flow (1).
• By gradually reducing the pressure in the cuff, the
artery is opened, and blood begins to flow again.
• At first, the opening is small, and the blood flow is
turbulent - the sound of such flow can be heard
with a stethoscope (2).
• When the pressure equalizes, the artery is
“open”, the sound disappears because the flow is
laminar again (3).
• Record the pressure change between (2) and (3)

69
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

Thermal energy (also called heat energy) is produced when a rise in temperature causes atoms and molecules to move faster and collide with each other. The energy that comes from the temperature of the heated substance is called thermal energy.

70
Q

What are temperature scales?

A

temperature scale - a system of measuring temperature

71
Q

What are the basic principles of thermodynamics?

A

A thermodynamical system is an arbitrarily but suitable chosen region of the space where certain phenomena are investigated. The system is enclosed by its surroundings. The system and its surroundings may be in equilibrium or may be interactions between them.

72
Q

What does Newton’s Law of Cooling state?

A

Newton’s law of cooling (or heating) states that the temperature of a body changes at a rate proportional to the difference in temperature between the body and its surroundings.

73
Q

How is entropy related to energy?

A

Temperature is the change in energy due to the change in entropy. And since there is no negative sign, it is phrased as a positive – energy increases when entropy is added. … For a fixed temperature, if you double the entropy, the energy doubles also.

74
Q

What is meant by heat transfer?

A

In general, heat transfer describes the flow of heat (thermal energy) due to temperature differences and the subsequent temperature distribution and changes.

75
Q

What is thermography?

A

Thermography is a test that uses an infrared camera to detect heat patterns and blood flow in body tissues. Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) is the type of thermography that’s used to diagnose breast cancer.

76
Q

What is calorymetry?

A

– the measurement of
heat gain or loss as a result of physical
or chemical change

77
Q

What is heat?

A

thermal energy that flows from a system
with higher temperature to the other with a lower
one. Joule is the unit of the energy (N*m)

Physics troll class (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions