physics_electricity_2025_01_16_192934 Flashcards
1
Q
A
Switch- open
2
Q
Switch- open
A
3
Q
A
Switch- closed
4
Q
Switch- closed
A
5
Q
A
Cell
6
Q
Cell
A
7
Q
A
Battery
8
Q
Battery
A
9
Q
A
Diode
10
Q
Diode
A
11
Q
A
Resistor
12
Q
Resistor
A
13
Q
A
Variable resistor
14
Q
Variable resistor
A
15
Q
A
LED
16
Q
LED
A
17
Q
A
Lamp
18
Q
Lamp
A
19
Q
A
Fuse
20
Q
Fuse
A
21
Q
A
Voltmeter
22
Q
Voltmeter
A
23
Q
A
Ammeter
24
Q
Ammeter
A
25
Thermistor
26
Thermistor
27
LDR
28
LDR
29
Charge flow=
Current x time- Q = I x t
30
Current x time- Q = I x t
Charge flow=
31
Potential difference =
Current x resistance- V = I x R
32
Current x resistance- V = I x R
Potential difference =
33
Power =
Potential difference x current- P = V x I
34
Potential difference x current- P = V x I
Power =
35
Power =
Current2 x resistance- P = I2 x R
36
Current2 x resistance- P = I2 x R
Power =
37
Energy transferred =
Power x time- E = P x t
38
Power x time- E = P x t
Energy transferred =
39
Energy transferred =
Charge flow x potential difference- E = Q x V
40
Charge flow x potential difference- E = Q x V
Energy transferred =
41
Charge flow units
Coulomb (C)
42
Coulomb (C)
Charge flow units
43
Current units
Amperes (A)
44
Amperes (A)
Current units
45
Potential difference units
Volts (V)
46
Volts (V)
Potential difference units
47
Resistance units
Ohms (Ω)
48
Ohms (Ω)
Resistance units
49
Power units
Watts (W)
50
Watts (W)
Power units
51
Energy units
Joules (J)
52
Joules (J)
Energy units
53
Current in a series circuit
Current is the same at every point in the circuit and in every component
54
Current is the same at every point in the circuit and in every component
Current in a series circuit
55
Current in a parellel circuit
The total current through the whole circuit is the sum of the currents through the separate components
56
The total current through the whole circuit is the sum of the currents through the separate components
Current in a parellel circuit
57
Potential difference in a series circuit
The total potential difference of the power supply is shared between the components
58
The total potential difference of the power supply is shared between the components
Potential difference in a series circuit
59
Potential difference in a parallel circuit
The potential difference across each component is the same
60
The potential difference across each component is the same
Potential difference in a parallel circuit
61
Resistance in a series circuit
The more resistors, the greater the resistance. The total resistance of two components is the sum of the resistance of each component. Rtotal= R1 + R2
62
Resistance in a parallel circuit
Adding more resistors in parallel decreases resistance. The total resistance of two resistors is less than the resistance of the smallest individual resistor
63
Live wire
Brown colour. Current flows to the appliance. Potential difference between this and other wires should be 230V
64
Neutral wire
Blue colour. Current taken away from appliance. Potential difference should be 0V
65
Earth wire
Yellow and green colour. Potential difference of 0V. Carries charge to Earth if live wire touches the metal casing if an appliance.
66
Current
The rate of the flow of charge
67
The rate of the flow of charge
Current
68
Potential difference
The difference in the amount of energy that charge carriers have between two points in a circuit. Potential difference causes charge to flow.
69
Resistance
Caused by anything that opposes the flow of electric charge
70
Caused by anything that opposes the flow of electric charge
Resistance
71
Charge
Anything charged that is able to move within a circuit. Electrons or ions
72
Anything charged that is able to move within a circuit. Electrons or ions
Charge
73
Series
A circuit with only one route for charge to take
74
A circuit with only one route for charge to take
Series
75
Parallel
A circuit with more than one route for charge to take
76
A circuit with more than one route for charge to take
Parallel
77
Fixed resistor(ohmic conductor)
Current and potential difference are directly proportional. Resistance is constant.
78
Filament lamp
Resistance is not constant. As the temperature increases, resistance increases. Ions within the lamp vibrate more increasing collisions with electrons.
79
Diode/ LED
The current flows in one direction only. There is a very high resistance in the reverse direction.
80
The current flows in one direction only. There is a very high resistance in the reverse direction.
Diode/ LED
81
Alternating current
The current regularly changes direction e.g mains electricity
82
The current regularly changes direction e.g mains electricity
Alternating current
83
Direct current
The current flows in one direction only e.g batteries
84
The current flows in one direction only e.g batteries
Direct current
85
Mains electricity
UK mains is an alternating current of 230V and at a frequency of 50Hz
86
National Grid
A series of cables and transformers linking power stations to customers
87
A series of cables and transformers linking power stations to customers
National Grid
88
Step-up transformer
Increases the potential difference for the transmission across power cables. This reduces the current and therefore less heat is lost from the cables. Makes the national gird efficient
89
Step-down transformer
Reduces the potential difference from the cables to 230V for use by consumers
90
Insulator
A material that does not conduct electricity. Has a high resistance
91
A material that does not conduct electricity. Has a high resistance
Insulator
92
Static electricity
When some insulators are rubbed together, negatively charged electrons are rubbed off one material and on to the other. The material that gains electrons becomes negatively charged. The material that loses electrons is left with an equal positive charge.
93
Attraction
Two objects with opposite charges exert a non-contact force on each other that pulls them together
94
Repulsion
Two objects with the same charge exert a non-contact force on each other that pushes them apart
95
Electric field
A charged object creates an electric field around itself. The electric field is strongest close to the charged object. The further away from the charged object, the weaker the field
96
Sparking
Production of a spark is due to static electricity. If the electric field is strong enough, charges can be forced through insulators such as air and a spark will occur e.g lightning, van de Graaf generator
97
The electric field around a positive charge
98
The electric field around a positive charge
99
Electric field around a negative charge
100
Electric field around a negative charge
