Physics Y09 Autumn 2022/23

Question 1

1.1 List the eight ways energy can be stored by objects

Answer 1

Kinetic, gravitational potential, elastic, chemical potential, thermal, nuclear, electrostatic and magnetic.

Question 2

1.2 List the four ways energy can be transferred by objects

Answer 2

Mechanical, heating, radiation and electrical.

Question 3

1.3 Define the term disspated energy

Answer 3

Wasted energy that is transferred to the surroundings, usually as thermal energy or sound radiation.

Question 4

1.4 Define the term power.

Answer 4

It is the rate at which energy is transferred.

Question 5

1.5 Name six renewable energy resources and four non-renewable energy resources.

Answer 5

Renewable: solar, wind, hydroelectric, wave, tidal, biofuels, geothermal. Non-renewable: coal, oil, gas, nuclear.

Question 6

1.6 Describe the difference between renewable and non-renewable energy resources.

Answer 6

Non-renewable energy resources will run out. Renewable energy resources will not run out and can be replenished easily.

Question 7

2.1 Describe the difference between a longitudinal and a transverse wave.

Answer 7

In a longitudinal waves, the oscillations are parallel to the direction of the energy transfer. In transverse waves, the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of the energy transfer.

Question 8

2.2 Describe the difference between an electromagnetic and a mechanical wave.

Answer 8

A mechanical wave is one that transfers energy through vibrating particles in matter. An electromagnetic wave is one that does not need particles to travel so it can travel through a vacuum.

Question 9

2.3 Define the term frequency.

Answer 9

The number of waves that pass a point in one second.

Question 10

2.4 List the EM waves in order from longest to shortest wavelength.

Answer 10

Radio, microwave, infra-red, visible, ultra-violet, x-ray, gamma.

Question 11

2.5 List the three EM waves that are ionising.

Answer 11

Ultra-violet, x-ray and gamma.

Question 12

2.6 State the uses of microwaves.

Answer 12

Satellite communication (as they can travel through ionosphere) and for cooking food.

Question 13

2.7 State the uses of visible light.

Answer 13

Fibre optic communications, vision.

Question 14

2.8 State the danger of ultraviolet radiation.

Answer 14

Increased risk of SKIN cancer.

Question 15

3.1 State the equation that links volume, mass and density.

Answer 15

Density = mass ÷ volume.

Question 16

3.2 Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a solid.

Answer 16

The particles are touching and vibrate around a fixed pattern.

Question 17

3.3 Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a liquid.

Answer 17

Particles are touching but not in fixed positions. They are free to flow around.

Question 18

3.4 Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a gas.

Answer 18

Particles are far apart and move around quickly and randomly.

Question 19

3.5 List the names of the five state changes.

Answer 19

Melting (solid → liquid), evaporating (liquid → gas), freezing (liquid → solid), condensing (gas → liquid), sublimating (solid → gas/gas → solid).

Question 20

3.6 Define internal energy.

Answer 20

Internal energy is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles that make up a system.