Physics - Waves Flashcards

1
Q

In a transverse wave, are the vibrations perpendicular to the direction of energy or parallel to the direction of energy?

A

Perpendicular

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2
Q

In a longitudinal wave, are the vibrations perpendicular to the direction of energy or parallel to the direction of energy?

A

Parallel

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3
Q

What is an example of a transverse wave?

A

Water waves and light waves

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4
Q

What is an example of a longitudinal wave?

A

Sound waves

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5
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The number of waves which pass a given point every second

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6
Q

What is the equation for the time period?

A

time period (s) = 1 ÷ frequency (Hz)

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7
Q

What is the wave speed?

A

How quickly energy is transferred through a medium (how quickly the wave travels)

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8
Q

What is the equation for wave speed?

A

wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m)

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9
Q

What is the equation for speed?

A

speed = distance ÷ time

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10
Q

What determines the speed sound waves can travel through a medium?

A

The density of the medium (material)

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11
Q

Do sound waves travel faster through a solid or liquid?

A

Solid because the spaces between the particles are smaller. This means the vibrations and energy can be passed along the particles more quickly. In a gas, the transmission of sound is even slower as the space between the particles is greater.

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12
Q

What is the speed of sound in air?

A

300m/s

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13
Q

How do you measure a wavelength in the ripple tank required practical?

A

Use a meter rule and make an estimate quickly. You could use a stroboscope and freeze the waves to make this measurement more easily. Record 10 and calculate the mean for a more accurate recording.

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14
Q

What causes seismic waves?

A

Volcanoes, earthquakes and explosions

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15
Q

What are ultrasound waves?

A

Sound waves that have a higher frequency than the range which is detectable by the human ear

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16
Q

What is ultrasound used for?

A

Medical and industrial imaging for example in hospitals to take pictures of babies in the womb to check they’re healthy

17
Q

Do electromagnetic waves transfer energy as transverse or longitudinal waves?

A

Transverse waves

18
Q

What are electromagnetic waves grouped by in the electromagnetic spectrum?

19
Q

Which type of wave has the lowest frequency?

A

Radio waves

20
Q

Which type of wave has the highest frequency?

A

Gamma rays

21
Q

What’s a use for radio waves?

A

Communication via television and radio and satellite communications

22
Q

What’s a use for microwaves?

A

Communications including satellite communications and cooking food

23
Q

What’s a use for infrared waves?

A

Short-range communications (remote controls), electrical heaters, cooking food, optical fibres, security systems and thermal imaging cameras

24
Q

What’s a use for visible light waves?

A

Used for lighting, photography and fibre optics.

25
What's a use for ultraviolet waves?
Sterilising water and killing bacteria. Detecting forged bank notes
26
What's a use for X-rays?
Medical imaging and airport security scanners
27
What's a use for gamma rays?
Sterilising medical equipment or food and treatment for some cancers
28
What can high exposure to ultraviolet rays lead to?
Skin tanning and can lead to burns or skin cancer
29
What can high exposure to gamma rays lead to?
Gene mutation and cancer
30
Which wave has the shortest wavelength?
Gamma rays
31
Which wave has the longest wavelength?
Radio waves
32
How can you remember the order of the electromagnetic spectrum? (phrase)
Roman men invented very unusual X-ray guns or Grandma's xylophones usually vomit in my room
33
What is the equation for frequency?
frequency (Hz) = 1 ÷ time period (s)
34
Name 2 examples of a mechanical wave
Sound waves (air) or Water/sea waves or Earthquakes
35
Name 2 examples of an electromagnetic wave
Colours (e.g. red/blue) or Microwaves or 5G (phone signal)
36
Do transverse waves go up and down or side to side?
Up and down
37
Do longitudinal waves go up and down or side to side?
Side to side
38
What is the wave speed (m/s) if the frequency is 8.4Hz and the wavelength is 380cm?
8.4 x 3.8 = 31.92 m/s