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AQA GCSE Science > Physics - Waves > Flashcards

Physics - Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

In a transverse wave, are the vibrations perpendicular to the direction of energy or parallel to the direction of energy?

A

Perpendicular

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2
Q

In a longitudinal wave, are the vibrations perpendicular to the direction of energy or parallel to the direction of energy?

A

Parallel

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3
Q

What is an example of a transverse wave?

A

Water waves and light waves

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4
Q

What is an example of a longitudinal wave?

A

Sound waves

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5
Q

What is the frequency of a wave?

A

The number of waves which pass a given point every second

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6
Q

What is the equation for the time period?

A

time period (s) = 1 ÷ frequency (Hz)

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7
Q

What is the wave speed?

A

How quickly energy is transferred through a medium (how quickly the wave travels)

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8
Q

What is the equation for wave speed?

A

wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m)

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9
Q

What is the equation for speed?

A

speed = distance ÷ time

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10
Q

What determines the speed sound waves can travel through a medium?

A

The density of the medium (material)

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11
Q

Do sound waves travel faster through a solid or liquid?

A

Solid because the spaces between the particles are smaller. This means the vibrations and energy can be passed along the particles more quickly. In a gas, the transmission of sound is even slower as the space between the particles is greater.

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12
Q

What is the speed of sound in air?

A

300m/s

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13
Q

How do you measure a wavelength in the ripple tank required practical?

A

Use a meter rule and make an estimate quickly. You could use a stroboscope and freeze the waves to make this measurement more easily. Record 10 and calculate the mean for a more accurate recording.

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14
Q

What causes seismic waves?

A

Volcanoes, earthquakes and explosions

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15
Q

What are ultrasound waves?

A

Sound waves that have a higher frequency than the range which is detectable by the human ear

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16
Q

What is ultrasound used for?

A

Medical and industrial imaging for example in hospitals to take pictures of babies in the womb to check they’re healthy

17
Q

Do electromagnetic waves transfer energy as transverse or longitudinal waves?

A

Transverse waves

18
Q

What are electromagnetic waves grouped by in the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Frequency

19
Q

Which type of wave has the lowest frequency?

A

Radio waves

20
Q

Which type of wave has the highest frequency?

A

Gamma rays

21
Q

What’s a use for radio waves?

A

Communication via television and radio and satellite communications

22
Q

What’s a use for microwaves?

A

Communications including satellite communications and cooking food

23
Q

What’s a use for infrared waves?

A

Short-range communications (remote controls), electrical heaters, cooking food, optical fibres, security systems and thermal imaging cameras

24
Q

What’s a use for visible light waves?

A

Used for lighting, photography and fibre optics.

25
Q

What’s a use for ultraviolet waves?

A

Sterilising water and killing bacteria. Detecting forged bank notes

26
Q

What’s a use for X-rays?

A

Medical imaging and airport security scanners

27
Q

What’s a use for gamma rays?

A

Sterilising medical equipment or food and treatment for some cancers

28
Q

What can high exposure to ultraviolet rays lead to?

A

Skin tanning and can lead to burns or skin cancer

29
Q

What can high exposure to gamma rays lead to?

A

Gene mutation and cancer

30
Q

Which wave has the shortest wavelength?

A

Gamma rays

31
Q

Which wave has the longest wavelength?

A

Radio waves

32
Q

How can you remember the order of the electromagnetic spectrum? (phrase)

A

Roman men invented very unusual X-ray guns
or
Grandma’s xylophones usually vomit in my room

33
Q

What is the equation for frequency?

A

frequency (Hz) = 1 ÷ time period (s)

34
Q

Name 2 examples of a mechanical wave

A

Sound waves (air)
or
Water/sea waves
or
Earthquakes

35
Q

Name 2 examples of an electromagnetic wave

A

Colours (e.g. red/blue)
or
Microwaves
or
5G (phone signal)

36
Q

Do transverse waves go up and down or side to side?

A

Up and down

37
Q

Do longitudinal waves go up and down or side to side?

A

Side to side

38
Q

What is the wave speed (m/s) if the frequency is 8.4Hz and the wavelength is 380cm?

A

8.4 x 3.8 = 31.92 m/s

AQA GCSE Science (5 decks)

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