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Physics > Physics Unit 2 > Flashcards

Physics Unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Fill in the blanks:

Electrical charges ______ and opposite charges _____

A

Repel and Attract

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2
Q

What do field lines show

A

The direction of the force experienced by a positive charge

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3
Q

If field lines are closer together what does that mean?

A

The field is stronger

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4
Q

Name the most famous particle accelerator

A

LHC

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5
Q

What are particle accelerators used for

A

Accelerators use electric fields to contain and accelerate charged particles to very high speed.

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6
Q

In terms of magnetic forces, what hand is positive?

A

Right

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7
Q

What are the two groups that fermions are broken down into

A

quarks and leptons

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8
Q

What are the six flavours of quark?

A

up down strange charm top bottom

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9
Q

What particles are in the leptons group?

A

electron muo tau as well as the neutrino counterpart of each

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10
Q

Name the 3 composite particles?

A

Hadron Baryon Meson

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11
Q

What is a hadron

A

a term used to describe any particle made of quarks. There are two basic types of hadron and these are Baryon and Mesons

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12
Q

What is a baryon

A

A subatomic particle made of three quarks. Examples include protons and neutrons

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13
Q

What is a meson

A

A subatomic particle made of two quarks (usually one quark and one anti quark)

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14
Q

Define constructive interference

A

constructive interference is when waves from two identical sources meet in phase. A detector placed in a position of constructive interference will detect a longer amplitude of wave.

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15
Q

Define destructive interference

A

destructive interference is when waces from two identical sources meet exactly out of phase(by half a wavelength.) A detector in this position will detect a smaller or even zero amplitude.

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16
Q

Explain why a person walking in front of two speakers will hear changes in the volume of sound when the amplitude of the speakers are constant

A

As they walk across the room they move through positions where the waves from the two sources meet in and out of phase. When they meet in phase a louder sound is heard due to construcitve interference. when they meet out of phase a quieter sound is heard due to destructive interference.

17
Q

What are the four fundamental forces?

A

Electromagnetic - Gravitational - Strong Nuclear Force - Weak Nuclear Force

18
Q

Each Fundamental Force has a carrying particle - what is the broad name for these particles

A

boson

19
Q

238
U. what is 92?
92

A

Atomic Number(the number of protons in the nucleus)

20
Q

238
U. what is 238?
92

A

Mass Number (The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus)

21
Q

Define Nuclear Fission

A

A single large nucleus is split producing two smaller nuclei and neutrons in a process that releases energy

22
Q

Define Nuclear Fusion

A

Two small nuclei are fused together to produce a larger nucles.

23
Q

When does refraction of light happen?

A

When light moves from one medium to another.

24
Q

What is the refractive index of air and vacuum

A

1.0

25
Q

When will total internal reflection occur?

A

When the angle of incidence inside the material is attempting to leave and it is greater than the critical angle

26
Q

Define interference

A

A property exhibited by waves and is considered a test for whether something is actually a wave at all

27
Q

What are diffraction grating used for?

A

To cause intereference in patterns in light

28
Q

What is a photon?

A

A small bundle of energy

29
Q

What do you call the minimum energy requirement to eject an electron

A

The work function.

30
Q

What do you call the minimum frequency requirement to eject an electron

A

Threshold Frequency

31
Q

What happens if the incident photon contains more energy than the work function?

A

The excess energy is given to the ejected electron in the form of kinetic energy

32
Q

In terms of the photoelectric effect, does the plate need to be negatively or positively charged?

A

Negatively charged

33
Q

Define Irradiance

A

power per unit area

34
Q

Magnetic fields are used to contain the plasma inside the fusion reactor.
Explain why it is necessary to use a magnetic field to contain the plasma.

A

Plasma would cool down if it came
too close to the sides (and reaction
would stop)

35
Q

Methods to improve an irradiance experiment

A

Black cloth to reduce reflections

36
Q

Explain how dark lines in the spectrum of sunlight are produced.

A

photons of particular frequencies are absorbed in the suns upper atmosphere

37
Q

State two features of the Bohr model of the atom.

A

A (central) positively charged nucleus. Each line in a spectrum is produced when an electron moves from one energy orbit to another.

38
Q

State two features of the Bohr model of the atom.

A

A (central) positively charged nucleus. Each line in a spectrum is produced when an electron moves from one energy orbit to another.

Physics (4 decks)

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