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Radiology Sem 3 > Physics: Unit 1; Creating The Beam: ch 2: radiation concepts > Flashcards

Physics: Unit 1; Creating The Beam: ch 2: radiation concepts Flashcards

1
Q

1) What is it called when an atom never has more than 8 electrons in an outer shell?
2) What is it called when Some atoms Begin to fill in the next shell before maximum reached?

A

1) octet rule

2) cascade effect

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2
Q

1) The ability to do work?

2) the definition of work is?

A

1) energy

2) work= force x difference

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3
Q

1) What energy is the action of physical movement?

2) what are the two types?

A

1) Mechanical energy
2) potential
Kinetic

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4
Q

Energy an object has due to its position is what type of mechanical energy?

A

Potential

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5
Q

The energy of motion is what type of mechanical energy?

A

Kinetic

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6
Q

Which energy is the energy released from chemical reaction?

A

Chemical

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7
Q

Which energy is a combo of electric and magnetic field traveling through space and is man made?

A

Electromagnetic energy (EM)

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8
Q

What is the distance between two successive points on a wave?

A

Wavelength

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9
Q

Cycles per second (CPS) is measured in?

A

Hertz

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10
Q

Wavelengths are measured in?

A

Angstrom

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11
Q

Frequency is measured in

A

Hertz

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12
Q

Waves are disturbances in a medium as what theory?

A

Wave theory

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13
Q

Velocity is measured by

A

Velocity= frequency x wavelength

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14
Q

Who discovered x-rays?

A

Wilhelm Conrad rontgen

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15
Q

1) Planck’s constant Describe the relationship between photons _______ and _______?
2) What is the formula and what physicist discovered planck’sconstant?

A

1) energy and frequency

2) E=hv ( photon energy, plancks constant, photon frequency) Max Planck

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16
Q

What is it one photons come in and knock out an electron?

A

Particle

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17
Q

What theory interacts like particle when contacting matter, has a high frequency and a high energy EM radiation?

A

Particle theory

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18
Q

Physics studies that the relationship between

A

Matter and energy

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19
Q

What is energy

A

Is force used to do work

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20
Q

What is the smallest particle of a compound possessing characteristics

A

Molecules

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21
Q

What is the smallest particle of an element

A

Atom

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22
Q

What is the law Einstein created

A

Law of conservation of matter and energy

23
Q

What is the formula for the law of conservation of matter and energy

A

E=mc squared

24
Q

What do each letter mean in E=mc squared

A

E= energy
M=mass
C= constant - speed of light in a vacuum

25
Q

What is it when energy is emitted in transferred through matter

A

Radiation

26
Q

How do x-rays travel (speed)

A

At the speed of light (in a vacuum)

27
Q

What is the ancient Greeks atomic theory

A

Air, water, earth, fire

28
Q

Which atomic theory separated elements based on mass and lead to Mendeleev’s development of the periodic table

A

Dalton’s atomic theory (1800’s)

29
Q

Which atomic theory concludes a dense, positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons

A

Rutherfords atomic theory (1911)

30
Q

Which atomic theory believed the solar system was miniature

A

Bohr’s atomic theory (1913)

31
Q

Which atomic structure is small, dance center and contains nucleons, protons, neutrons

A

Nucleus

32
Q

Which atomic structure orbits a nucleus and is negatively charged

A

Electrons

33
Q

What are Protons and neutrons made up of?

A

Quarks

34
Q

Define quantum physics

A

Electrons cannot be divided

35
Q

Define physics

A

Science of nature (energy and matter)

36
Q

What are responsible for almost all mass of an Atom

A

Protons, neutrons

37
Q

What happens to and electron in order to then become a photon

A

Let’s hit the anode and go out a port window

38
Q

What distinguishes elements by numbers of protons contained in a nucleus

A

Atomic number (Z#)

39
Q

Maintained through equal number of protons and electrons is called

A

Electrical stability

40
Q

What is the number of protons and neutrons in and Atom called

A

Atomic. Mass (A#)

41
Q

Changing the what number, change is the element

A

Changing the Z number

42
Q

What is the natural occurring gas that is found in homes and cigarettes

A

Radon

43
Q

What is the worst particle and causes nothing but damage

A

Alpha

44
Q

What is a gain or loss of number of neutrons that results in what

A

Isotope

45
Q

What is it called atoms have the same number of protons and atomic number

A

Isotopes

46
Q

Adding or removal of an electron from an atom

OR

When x-ray photons can interact with and atom resulting in injection of an electron is called?

A

Ionization

47
Q

What defines location where electron might be at all given time

A

Orbital

48
Q

What is the electron capacity

A

2n squared

49
Q

What dissipates ( increasing mending point) heat, Is used in the x-ray tube, the anode/Filament is made by it and it’s atomic number is 74

A

Tungston

50
Q

The closer electron is to the nucleus the higher the binding energy is called

A

Binding energy

51
Q

What KVP at least, must be used to remove an inner shell electron

A

70 KVP

52
Q

The energy of one electron was accelerated by one vote is called

A 
Electron volts (eV)
(the way you measure binding energy)
53
Q

In the periodic table what indicates elements having the same number of electron shells

A

Horizontal periods

54
Q

In the periodic table what has the same number of electrons in the outer (valence) shells

A

Vertical groups

Radiology Sem 3 (2 decks)

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