Physics : The Standard Model

Question 1

definition of fundamental particle?

Answer 1

a fundamental particle is a particle that cannot be divided into other particles.

Question 2

where does evidence for fundamental particle’s existence comes from?

Answer 2

evidence for their existence comes from high energy collisions between electrons and neutrons inside particle accelerators.

Question 3

what are fermions?

Answer 3

fermions are the matter particles. They include all quarks and leptons.

Question 4

what r the six types of quarks?

Answer 4

UP(2/3e), down (-1/3e), charm (2/3e), top(2/3e),strange (-1/3e), bottom (-1/3)

Question 5

what are hadrons ?

Answer 5

hadrons r particles made from quarks, held together by strong force .

Question 6

what are baryons?

Answer 6

a type of hadron. made up of 3 quarks or 3 antiquarks (eg proton and neutron)

Question 7

what are mesons ?

Answer 7

a type of hadron. made of 1 quark and 1 antiquark

Question 8

what is the evidence for the existence of antimatter ?

Answer 8

the energy released from annihilation due to the likely chances of them (matter particle nd an antimatter) annihilating.

Question 9

what particles do protons consist of?

Answer 9

(UUD) a proton consist of 3 quarks. 2 up quarks and 1 down quark.

Question 10

what particles do neutron consist of?

Answer 10

(DUD) a neutron consist of 3 quarks. 1up quarks and 2 down quark.

Question 11

how many gen. of leptons r there and what are they ?

Answer 11

ther are 3 gen. of leptons (6 in total ) but only e- in ordinary matter. electron (e), muon(μ), Tau(𝜏),electron neutrino (Ve), muon neutrino (Vμ), Tau neutrino (V𝜏),

Question 12

define gravitational force

Answer 12

its the weakest force nd has an infinite range.

Question 13

define electromagnetic force

Answer 13

combination of the electrostatic nd magnetic force . has an infinite range.

Question 14

define strong nuclear force nd its properties

Answer 14

electrostatic theory suggests protons in the nucleus should fly apart. the strong force holds protons together. acts over a very short range. stronger than the electrostatic force . only experienced by quarks.

Question 15

define weak nuclear force nd its properties

Answer 15

associated with the beta decay. +neutron—proton + electron + antineutrino. acts over a short range. weaker than the strong force. experienced by leptons nd quarks interaction

Question 16

what was the first evidence for the existence of neutrino?

Answer 16

beta decay

Question 17

what r the force carriers (boson) nd what force do they carry ?

Answer 17

• photons (electromagnetic) - gluon (strong nuclear force) - W-bosons (weak nuclear force) -Z-bosons( weak nuclear force)