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Physics Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

The tendency of a liquid to rise in a tube

A

Capillarity

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2
Q

A curved surface formed inside a capillary tube

A

Meniscus

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3
Q

What forms a concave meniscus?

A

Water

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4
Q

What forms a convex meniscus?

A

Mercury

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5
Q

What are three forces that contribute to the rise or fall of water in a capillary tube

A

Adhesion
Cohesion
Atmospheric Pressure

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6
Q

The study of liquids at rest

A

Hydrostatics

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7
Q

Any push or pull on an object

A

Force

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8
Q

Force is measured in what?

A

Newtons

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9
Q

What is 1kg times m/s squared?

A

Newton

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10
Q

Force exerted by a liquid is always __________ to the surface

A

Normal (Perpendicular)

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11
Q

The amount of force brought to bear on a unit area of surface

A

Pressure

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12
Q

Pressure is measured in what?

A

Pascals

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13
Q

What is 1kg/ m times s squared

A

Pascal

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14
Q

What is the accepted value of gravity

A

9.80 m/s squared

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15
Q

What is the equation for the law of liquid pressure

A

P=pgh (relates to depth)

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16
Q

What is the equation for force

A

F=AP or F=A(pgh)

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17
Q

What happens when a tank has multiple openings

A

The bottom opening (orifice) has the greatest pressure.
The top orifice has the least pressure.
The middle orifice propels farthest from the tank.

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18
Q

What is the distance below the highest level of water in a closed system

A

Water Head

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19
Q

States that pressure applied to any surface of a confined liquid is transmitted equally in every direction throughout the liquid

A

Pascal’s Principle

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20
Q

Uses confined liquid to multiply force

A

Hydraulic device

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21
Q

States that the buoyant force acting on a body submerged in a liquid is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by that body

A

Archimedes’ Principle

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22
Q

The difference between the downward force and upward force of a submerged item

A

Buoyant force

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23
Q

The study of liquids in motion

A

Hydrodynamics

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24
Q

A liquid’s resistance to flow due to intermolecular attraction to itself

A

Viscosity

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25
Q

States that flow rate and viscosity are inversely related

A

Principle of Viscosity

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26
Q

The formation of tiny vapor bubbles within a moving liquid

A

Cavitation

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27
Q

Three characteristics of an ideal liquid

A

Nonviscous
Incompressible
Uniform in density

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28
Q

an ideal liquid’s tendency to flow in straight lines without resistance

A

Laminar flow

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29
Q

The swirl produced in a pipe due to the liquid’s friction between itself and the pipe

A

Eddy Currents

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30
Q

Measures the total volume of a liquid flowing past a point in one second

A

Volume Flow Rate

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31
Q

States that the volume flow rate at any two points in a pipe must be constant regardless of the pipe’s diameter. (A1 V1 = A2 V2)

A

Principle of Continuity

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32
Q

The relationship between lateral pressure and velocity squared of a moving liquid inversely related

A

Bernoulli’s Principle

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33
Q

When velocity of a moving liquid increases, the lateral pressure __________

A

Decreases

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34
Q

When velocity of a moving liquid decreases, the lateral pressure __________

A

Increases

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35
Q

The most abundant element in the earth’s atmosphere

A

Nitrogen

36
Q

The second most abundant element in the earth’s atmosphere

A

Oxygen

37
Q

The bombardment of air molecules continually hitting each other

A

Air Pressure

38
Q

What are two thing that affect air pressure

A

The quantity of air that is present
The temperature of air

39
Q

The total absence of air

A

Vacuum

40
Q

Caused by the weight of atmospheric air molecules

A

Atmospheric pressure

41
Q

Any substance capable of flowing

A

Fluids

42
Q

Two examples of fluids

A

Liquids
Gases- differs from the ideal liquid in that they are compressible

43
Q

What are laws and principles that do not apply to gases

A

Law of liquid pressure
Pascal’s Principle
Principle of continuity

44
Q

What are laws and principles that DO apply to gases?

A

Archimedes’ Principle
Bernoulli’s Principle

45
Q

The false idea around for over 2,000 years that a vacuum is impossible to create because nature immediately fills an empty space with the nearest matter it can find

A

Horror Vacui

46
Q

The atmosphere can only support a maximum height of what?

A

33.9 ft

47
Q

Created the first vacuum in a barometer

A

Evangelista Toricelli

48
Q

Discovered that atmospheric pressure and pressure upon a liquid are equal

A

Blaise Pascal

49
Q

What is standard atmospheric pressure

A

1 atm = 76 cm Hg (Mercury)
1 atm = 760 torr
1 atm = 1.013x10 to the 5th Pa

50
Q

An apparatus designed to measure the pressure of a gas by using mercury

A

Manometer

51
Q

What is the difference between the gauge pressure and 1 atm

A

Absolute Pressure

52
Q

What are the characteristics of an aneroid barometer

A

Less sensitive that a mercury barometer
More Portable
Unaffected by orientation

53
Q

What states that, at constant temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure

A

Boyle’s Law

54
Q

What is the equation for Boyle’s Law

A

P1V1 = P2V2

55
Q

What states that, at constant pressure, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature

A

Charles’ Law

56
Q

What is the equation for Charles’ Law

A

V1/T1 = V2/T2

57
Q

The lowest temperature at which matter can exist

A

Absolute Zero (0 degrees or -273.15 degrees C)

58
Q

Temperature expressed in Kelvin

A

Absolute Temperature

59
Q

A combination of Boyle’s Law and Charles’ Law

A

Combined Gas Law (P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2)

60
Q

States that, at the same temperature and pressure, two gases of the same volume have the same number of molecules

A

Avogadro’s Law

61
Q

What is equal to 6.022x10 to the 23rd molecules

A

1 mole

62
Q

What is the equation for the Ideal Gas Law

A

PV = nRT where “R” is the universal gas constant

63
Q

Any device that transports air or that is driven by air pressure

A

Pneumatic Device

64
Q

Fluid that is caught up and carried along by another fluid stream nearby

A

Entrained

65
Q

What are the characteristics of Pump Potentials

A

Draw water or air out of a container
Compress water or air in a container

66
Q

A simple device for transferring liquid from a higher container to a lower container

A

Siphon

67
Q

How does a siphon work?

A

A siphon tube connecting higher and lower tanks of liquid. When a partial vacuum is created in the tube, the liquid is pushed by atmospheric pressure from the higher tank into the tube and then pulled by gravity into the lower tank

68
Q

What has a definite shape and volume and its atoms vibrate in place

A

Solid

69
Q

What is the ability of a solid to recover its shape after being deformed by an external force

A

Elasticity

70
Q

The tendency of a solid to resist flexing or deforming

A

Rigidity

71
Q

The amount of deformation required to bring a material to its elastic limit

A

Resilience

72
Q

The point past which a material will not recover its original shape

A

Elastic Limit

73
Q

The maximum of relative deformation that may be permanently imposed upon a solid

A

Plasticity

74
Q

The mechanical working process when metal is squeezed or pounded with great force

A

Forging

75
Q

The mechanical working process when metal is pressed down by a series or paired heavy roller into a continuous sheet

A

Rolling

76
Q

The property of metals that allows them to be drawn into wire

A

Ductility

77
Q

Solids tend to hold their shape because of their strong__________between particles

A

Cohesion

78
Q

The deformative tensile force per unit cross-sectional area

A

Stress

79
Q

The relative amount of deformation from the original length/shape

A

Strain (Strain = Diff/Orig)

80
Q

Stress is _____________to strain

A

Directly Proportional

81
Q

The amount of tensile force required per unit area to double a solid’s length

A

Young’s Modulus (F/A = Y(change in l/L0

82
Q

Solids that break suddenly under a load instead of deforming first

A

Brittle

83
Q

The distance of separation where two particles of a solid neither attract nor repel

A

Equilibrium

84
Q

the combination of two oppositely directed forces along parallel lines of action

A

Shear

85
Q

The stress that causes bulk deformation

A

Volume Stress

Physics Tests (2 decks)

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