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physics year 10 > physics term 2 > Flashcards

physics term 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

standard international units of measurements for length, mass and time

A

length- m
mass- kg
time- s

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2
Q

scalar quantity definition and example

A

scalar quantity has only one size

example- distance of 12km

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3
Q

vector quantity definition and example

A

vector quantity has size and direction

example- velocity of 30km/h north

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4
Q 
what vectors go with these scalars
distance
speed
mass
time
A 
scalar        vector
distance-displacement 
speed-velocity
mass-acceleration
time-force
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5
Q

distance definition

A

length travelled in a journey between start and finish , does not include direction.

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6
Q

displacement definition

A

length between start and end point only including direction from start to finish.

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7
Q

both formulas for average speed

A 
average speed = 
distance
 -------------
time 
or
= initial speed+ final speed
 ------------------------------------
 2
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8
Q

does velocity or speed include direction

A

velocity includes direction.

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9
Q

formula for velocity

A

time

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10
Q

instantaneous speed definition

A

speed that a vehicle is travelling at a precise point in time.

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11
Q

how do you covert from m/s to km/h

A

multiply by 3.6

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12
Q

how do you convert from km/h to m/s

A

divide by 3.6

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13
Q

the slope of a graph

A

gradient

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14
Q

what are motion graphs used for

A

to analyse the motion of a vehicle

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15
Q

what does the gradient and horizontal line of a distance v time graph represent

A

gradient= speed of the object

horizontal line= object is stationary

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16
Q

formula for average acceleration

A

average acceleration=

time taken

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17
Q

terminal velocity definition

A

speed reached when air resistance (drag) is the weight (force of gravity)

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18
Q

formula for weight (w)

A 
weight = mass x gravity 
w = m x g
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19
Q

acceleration due to gravity at earths surface (g)

A

(g) acceleration due to gravity =

9. 8m/s squared

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20
Q

resistance and what affects it

A

the force of an object as a result of air as it moves .

Affected by the speed and surface area.

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21
Q

what is w, m and g

A

w is weight in Newtons, N
m is mass in kilograms, kg
g is acceleration due to gravity, 9.8m/s squared

22
Q

when does acceleration occur

A

when an object has a change in speed or a change in direction

23
Q

formula for acceleration

A

acceleration =

          time
24
Q

what is force measured in

A

newtons, N

25
Q

balanced force example and definition

A

no change in the state of an object’s motion

example- plane flying at a constant speed or a stationary car

26
Q

unbalanced force causes and example

A 
unbalanced force may be caused by
change in speed
change in  direction
change in shape
example- accelerating bicycle
27
Q

how do you find the distance on a speed v time graph

A

calculate the area under the graph

28
Q

what does the horizontal line on a speed v time graph represent

A

continuous speed, sitting on one speed

29
Q

how do you find the acceleration of a vehicle from a speed v time graph

A

calculate the gradient

30
Q

in the formula for acceleration, what does v, u and t stand for and what is each measured in

A

t

v is final velocity in m/s
u is initial velocity in m/s
t is the time in s

31
Q

triangle equation for distance

A

d

s t

32
Q

triangle equation for force

A

f

m a

33
Q

formula for final speed

A

final speed = 2 x average speed

34
Q

state newtons first law of motion

A

A body will remain at its current state of motion until and unbalanced force acts upon it.

35
Q

inertia definition and what affects it

A

the tendency of a body to remain at its current state of motion
affected by mass. the greater the mass of a body, the more inertia

36
Q

state newtons second law of motion

A

a body will accelerate in proportion to the net force upon it and the mass of the body

37
Q

what does a greater net force result in

A

greater acceleration

38
Q

state newtons third law of motion

two examples

A

for every action force there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
fire extinguisher- gas is fired out and person holding the extinguisher is pushed back
punch- fist hits object and object hits fist with same force

39
Q

net force

A

force exerted by a body after all the forces have been added

40
Q

list some safety features that modern cars are engineered with

A

crumple zones
seatbelts
airbags
anti-lock braking

41
Q

define mass what what it is measured in

A

amount of material in an object, kg

42
Q

weight and what it is measured in

A

force due to gravity acting on a mass, Newtons, N

43
Q

triangle equation for weight

A

weight

mass gravity

44
Q

define friction

A

the force that acts to prevent motion or acts in the opposite direction to that of a moving object

45
Q

three types of friction

A

static
kenetic
drag

46
Q

examples of when you want to reduce friction

A

downhill skiing
running
swimming/diving
ice skating

47
Q

examples of when you want to increase friction

A

mountain climbing
running (spikes on boots)
parachuting

48
Q

potential energy

A

form of stored energy

may be stored in the from of chemical, electrical, elastic or nuclear energy

49
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

GPE is the energy due to an objects height.

higher gravitational field means more potential energy

50
Q

formula for GPE

A

m x g x h

51
Q

law of conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created of destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

52
Q

formula for kenetic energy

A

genetic energy = 1/2 x m x v squared

physics year 10 (1 decks)

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