Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

random > Physics T1 > Flashcards

Physics T1 Flashcards

Energy

1
Q

How many energy stores are there?

A

eight.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the eight energy stores?

A

-Kinaesthetic
-gravitational
-chemical
-nuclear
-thermal
-magnetic
-electrostatic
-elastic potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is a closed system?

A

A system where neither matter nor energy can enter or leave.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the four main energy transfers (& examples)

A

-mechanically; object moving due to force (pushing/pulling)
-electrically; current moving through PD (charge moving round a circuit)
-heating; energy transfer from cold to hotter object (pan heating water on a hob)
-radiation; energy transferred by light/sound waves (light energy from sun reaching earth)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is work done?

A

energy transferred.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the conservation of energy principle?

A

Energy can be transferred usefully, stored, or dissipated but never be created or destroyed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What has a kinetic energy store?

A

Anything that moves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When is energy transferred to the GPE store?

A

If the object is lifted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the gravitational field strength on earth roughly?

A

9.8 N/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what happens when energy is lost from the g.p.e store?

A

Energy is gained in the kinetic energy store.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can transfer energy to an objects elastic potential energy store?

A

stretching or squashing an object.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is specific heat capacity?

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of a 1kg substance by 1 degree C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

briefly explain the steps in the investigating specific heat capacity practical.

A
  1. measure mass of block then wrap in insulation (reduce energy transfers)
  2. measure initial temp of block and set PD to 10V
  3. Turn on power supply and take readings (temp and current every 10 mins) as block heats up.4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

briefly explain the steps in the investigating specific heat capacity practical.

A
  1. measure mass of block then wrap in insulation (reduce energy transfers)
  2. measure initial temp of block and set PD to 10V
  3. Turn on power supply and take readings (temp and current every 10 mins) as block heats up.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what conclusion can be drawn from the specific heat capacity experiment?

A

When power is on the current does work on the heater, transferring energy electrically from the power supply to the heaters thermal store. This energy is then transferred to the materials thermal store by heating, causing the materials temperature to increase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

summarise equipment needed in the specific heat capacity practical.

A

-thermometer
-heater
-insulation
-ammeter
-power supply
-block of material.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is power?

A

Power is the rate of energy transfer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is power measured in?

A

Watts (W)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the two equations for power?

A

Power= energy/time

power= work done/time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is conduction?

A

Conduction is the process by which vibrating particles transfer energy to neighbouring particles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

which state of matter does conduction occur the most in?

A

Conduction occurs the most in solids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is convection?

A

Convection is where energetic particles move away from hotter regions to cooler regions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In which state of matter can convection occur?

A

Convection can occur in liquids or gases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Finish the sentence
The higher a materials thermal conductivity…

A

… the faster energy can be transferred through it by conduction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is thermal conductivity?

A

The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to a particular material conduct heat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are three types of thermal insulators in homes?

A

-loft insulation
-double glazing
-cavity wall insulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is insulation used for?

A

It is used for reducing unwanted energy transfers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are lubricants used for?

A

Lubricants are used to reduce friction between object’s surfaces when they move.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

what are the two equations for efficiency?

A

efficiency= useful output energy transfer/total input energy transfer.

efficency= useful power output/total power output.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

which store is most wasted energy transferred to?

A

The thermal store.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Give 4 non renewable energy sources.

A

-coal
-oil
-gas
-nucleur fuels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Give 4 renewable energy sources.

A

-Wind
- Tides
- solar power
-hydroelectricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

what are two uses of energy sources

A

-tranport
-heating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

give two problems about renewable energy sources.

A

-They often don’t provide as much energy as non-
renewable sources.
-Some depend on the weather making them unreliabke.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How is geothermal power generated?

A

It uses the thermal energy stores of hot underground rocks to generate electricity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

How is wind power generated?

A

The blades are turned by the wind which turns the generator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

How is solar power generated?

A

The solar cells generate electric current directly from the suns radiation.

38
Q

How is hydroelectric power generated?

A

Usually requires the flooding of a valley by building a dam.
Water is held back by the dam and then when it is released it passes through turbines which turns a generator- generating electricity.

39
Q

What is a problem with the way hydroelectric power is generated?

A

Big impact on envirnment- flooding of valley means rotting vegetation (releasing methane and CO2) and also causing habitat loss.

40
Q

How is wave power generated?

A

Waves force air through the turbine, turning a generator generating electricity.

41
Q

How are tides produced?

A

by the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon.

42
Q

What are tidal barrages?

A

They are big dams built across river estuaries.

43
Q

How do tidal barrages generate electricity?

A

The water is held back behind the barrage then allowed to flow through turbines connected to generators, generating electricity.

44
Q

What are bio fuels?

A

Bio fuels are renewable energy resources created from either plant products or animal dung.

45
Q

How do bio fuels produce electricity?

A

They can be burnt in the same way as fossil fuels.

46
Q

Give an advantage of using bio fuels.

A

They are fairly reliable as the crops take a short time to grow and can be grown all year round.

47
Q

Give a disadvantage of using biofuels.

A

They release CO2 and methane into the atmosphere because the plants originally absorb it meaning when they get burnt it is released again.

48
Q

Give three examples for using fossil fuels.

A

-reliable
-cost effective
-enough to meet demand.

49
Q

why is nuclear power ‘clean’

A

It doesn’t release any harmful gases or other chemicals into the atmosphere.

50
Q

what are two disadvantages of using nuclear fuels.

A

-high cost
-difficult to dispose of.

51
Q

Why has the energy usage in the UK been decreasing slightly since the start of the 21st centuary?

A

Because appliances have become more efficent.

52
Q

What happens to a substance if it is heated and changes directly from a solid to a gas?

A

It sublimates

53
Q

what is ionisation?

A

Ionisation is the addition or removal of an electron to create an ion

54
Q

what is condensation?

A

the process where water vapour becomes liquid.

55
Q

what is an advantage of transmitting electricity at a very high PD?

A

Less thermal energy is transferred into surroundings.

56
Q

equation for charge flow?

A

charge flow= power/ potential difference

57
Q

whats the equation for power?

A

power= potential difference x current

58
Q

What are two advantages of taking multiple measurements and calculating a mean value?

A
  • identifies anomalous results so they can be ignored.
  • reduces effect of random effect of random errors when using equipment.
59
Q

equation for density?

A

density = mass/ volume

60
Q

what are the three types of error?

A

systematic
zero
random

61
Q

What is the same for all atoms of the same element?

A

atomic number.

62
Q

what is different for isotopes of the same element?

A

number of neutrons.

63
Q

what is meant b y half life?

A

The rime it takes for the count rate of a radioactive sample to halve.

64
Q

What happens to energy that is dissapated?

A

It becomes less useful

65
Q

what is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

Ek= 1/2 (mv)2

66
Q

What is the equation for energy transferred?

A

energy transferred= power x time

67
Q

what is nuclear fission?

A

the joining together of nuclei

68
Q

What happens during nuclear fission

A

total mass of particles decreases.

69
Q

What are two environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels?

A
  • releases CO2 causing global warming
  • releases sulphur dioxide causing acid rain.
70
Q

What is electric current?

A

charge

71
Q

what colour is the live wire?

A

blue.

72
Q

what colour is the earth wire?

A

green and yellow

73
Q

What colour is the neutral wire?

A

brown

74
Q

What is the purpose of the earth wire?

A

Connects appliance to the earth, preventing it from becoming live if theres a fault.

75
Q

What is the frequency and potential difference of the mains electricity supply?

A

PD: 230 V
frequency: 50 Hz

76
Q

what are thermistors dependant on?

A

Heat.

77
Q

What are LDRs dependant on?

A

Light intensity.

78
Q

What are thermistors used for?

A

thermostats

79
Q

What are LDRs used for?

A

switching on lights when its dark.

80
Q

what does the live wire do? (blue)

A

carries alternating current.

81
Q

What is the national grid?

A

System of cables and transformers linking power stations to consumers.

82
Q

What is the function of a step up transformer?

A

decreases current by increasing PD. Because if theres high current and wires get hot energy is wasted.

83
Q

What is the function of a step down transformer?

A

decreases PD to 230 V so it is safer for domestic use.

84
Q

What happens when insulating materials are rubbed together?

A

They become electrically charged; negatively charged electrons are rubbed off and transferred from one material to another.

85
Q

In which state of matter is compression possible?

A

Gas

86
Q

What happens when substances change state?

A

Mass is conserved.

87
Q

How do you calculate volume of a regular shape?

A

width x height x length

88
Q

How do you calculate the volume of an object?

A

-fill up can with measured volume of water
-submerge object in water
-measure water displaced

89
Q

What is internal energy?

A

Energy stored inside a system by the particles that make up a system.

90
Q

What two things happen when a system is heated?

A
  • temperature change
  • changes state

random (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions