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Physics I > Physics Soundwaves Part 1 > Flashcards

Physics Soundwaves Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

traveling

A

Propagating

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2
Q

the capability to do work

A

energy

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3
Q

propagating variation

A

wave

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4
Q

A _____ is a propagating disturbance that moves energy from one location to another

A

wave

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5
Q

_____ is a wave

A

sound

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6
Q

Sound is a particular type of _____

A

wave

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7
Q

Quantities of these variations are called acoustic variables

  • _____
  • _____
  • Particle _____
  • _____
A

density
pressure
motion
temperature

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8
Q

Particles _____ back and forth as sound waves travel through the medium

A

oscillate

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9
Q

Sound waves require a _____

A

medium

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10
Q

They cannot travel through a _____

A

vacuum

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11
Q

Sound is a mechanical _____ (compression) wave

A

longitudinal

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12
Q

P waves are _____ waves

A

longitudinal

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13
Q

S waves are _____ waves

A

transverse

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14
Q

Components of an Ultrasound Wave

  1. Compression
    - Region of _____ pressure and _____ in a longitudinal wave
    - Corresponds to a sine wave _____
  2. Rarefaction
    - Region of _____ pressure and _____ in a longitudinal wave
    - Corresponds to a sine wave _____
  3. Cycle - _____ complete variation of an acoustic variable
  4. Y Axis - typically represents _____ (strength) of an acoustic variable
  5. X Axis -typically represents _____ or _____
A 
high
density
peak
low
density
trough
one
amplitude
time
distance
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15
Q

Wave Parameters

  • _____
  • _____
  • _____
A

Frequency
Period
Wavelength

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16
Q

_____ = The number of cycles that occur in one second

A

frequency

17
Q

Frequency

Determined by the _____ source

Affects _____ and _____ Resolution

A

sound
penetration
axial

18
Q

Frequency

_____/_____ = 1 Hertz

_____ Hz = 1 kHz

_____ Hz = 1 MHz

Humans are capable of hearing frequencies between _____ and _____ Hz

A 
cycle
second
1,000
1,000,000
20
20,000
19
Q

Frequency

Frequencies > _____Hz = ULTRASOUND

Typical in Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound

___-___ MHz through ___-___ MHz

Great _____ = Lousy _____ resolution
Great _____ resolution = Lousy _____

Limits defined by
_____ resolution and _____

A 
20,000
1-2
10-20
penetration
axial
axial
penetration
axial
penetration
20
Q

Frequency

Frequency (Hz) = 1/___(sec)

_____ and _____ are RECIPROCALS

Higher frequency = lower period

A

period
period
frequency

21
Q

Frequency

Frequency _____ = Period _____
Period _____ = Frequency _____

Period and Frequency are _____ proportional

A 
increases
decreases
increases
decrease
inversely
22
Q

Period

Length of time to complete _____ cycle

Time from start of _____ cycle to start of the next cycle

Determined by the _____ SOURCE

A

one
one
SOUND

23
Q

Period

Unit = _____, (microsecond)

A

second

24
Q

Period

Period = 1/____ (MHz)

_____ and _____ are RECIPROCALS

A

frequency
period
frequency

25
Q

Period

Period _____ = Frequency _____
Period _____ = Frequency _____

Period and Frequency are _____ proportional

A 
decreases
increases
increases
decrease
inversely
26
Q

Wavelength

_____ of space over which one cycle occurs

Determined by _____ source and _____

A

length
sound
medium

27
Q

Wavelength

Unit = _____, mm (any distance measurement)

1 mm = _____ m

Common US wavelength in ST (Soft Tissue) _____-_____ mm

A

meters

  1. 001
  2. 1
  3. 8
28
Q

Wavelength

Wavelength (mm) = Propagation _____/_____ (MHz)

Wavelength = c/f

For Soft Tissue:

Wavelength = _____/_____ (MHz)

A 
speed
frequency
c
f
1.54
frequency
29
Q

Wavelength

If: Wavelength = _____/_____

As:

Wavelength _____ - Frequency _____

Wavelength _____ - Frequency _____

A 
c
f
increase
decrease
decrease
increase
30
Q

Wavelength

Wavelength and Frequency are _____ proportional

A

Inversely

31
Q

Propagation Speed a.k.a. Acoustic Velocity

_____ = is the RATE at which sound travels through a medium
vs
_____ = is the RATE AND DIRECTION at which sound travels through a medium

A

speed

velocity

32
Q

Sound Source = _____ and _____
Medium = Propagation _____
Sound Source and Medium = _____

A

frequency, period
speed
wavelength

33
Q

Propagation _____ = The speed at which sound can travel through a medium

Units: _____/_____

Determined ONLY by the _____

A

speed
meters
second
MEDIUM

34
Q

Propagation Speed

All _____, regardless of _____, travels at the same speed through any specific medium

Speed of sound in SOFT TISSUE

1.54 km/s 1,540 m/s 1.54 mm/ms 3,500 mph

A

sound

frequency

35
Q

Propagation Speed

Propagation Speed (m/s) = _____(Hz) x _____(meters)

A

frequency

wavelength

36
Q

Propagation Speed

What is it about the medium that determines propagation speed?

Medium _____ and _____

_____ is the resistance of a material to compression

_____ is the concentration of matter

A

stiffness
density
stiffness
density

37
Q

Propagation Speed

Rule of Thumb:

Stiffness _____ - Speed _____

Density _____ - Speed _____

A

increases
increases
increases
decreases

38
Q

Propagation Speed

Associated with stiffness are 2 additional factors
_____ and _____

_____ is the ability of an object to return to its original space and volume after a force is no longer acting on it
-opposite of stiffness-

_____ if the fractional decreases in volume when pressure is applied
-opposite of stiffness-

A

elasticity
compressibility
elasticity
compressibility

Physics I (8 decks)

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