Physics Paper 1 2018 Flashcards
- sonar is an example of a use of ultrasound.
a) state one other example of a use of ultrasound
foetal scanning
- sonar is an example of a use of ultrasound.
b) state an example of a use of infrasound
studying the earths structure
- sonar is an example of a use of ultrasound.
c) figure 1 shows the depth of the sea, measured using sonar at different distances from the shore.
A technician on a boat uses sonar pulses to measure the depth of the sea when the boat is 120 m from the shore. calculate the time
speed of sonar pulse in water is 1600 m/s
v = x / t
t = x / v
= 14 x 2 / 1600
= 0.018
- a) A student investigates what happens when light travels from air to glass. figure 2 shows some of the apparatus used in the investigation
i) in figure 2, angle Y is the angle of .. (MC)
D - refraction
- a) A student investigates what happens when light travels from air to glass. figure 2 shows some of the apparatus used in the investigation.
ii) figure 3 is a graph of the students results. use the graph to calculate a value for
angle y / angle x
= 14 / 20
= 0.7
- a) A student investigates what happens when light travels from air to glass. figure 2 shows some of the apparatus used in the investigation
iii) the student concludes that angle Y is directly proportional to angle X. Explain what the student must do to test this conclusion in more detail
repeat the experiment using different and larger angles of X
- b) speed of light = 3.0 x 10^8 m/s
wavelength of yellow light is 5.8 x 10^-7m
calculate the frequency of yellow light, with units, using frequency = speed / wavelength
= 3 x10^8 / 5.8 x 10^-7
= 5.2 x 10^14
= 5.2 x 10^14 Hz
- Figure 4 shows a Geiger-Müller (GM) tube used for measuring radioactivity.
a) Describe how a teacher should use a Geiger-Müller (GM) tube to compare the count-rates from two different radioactive rocks.
put the rocks in front of the tube and measure the count separately for the two different rocks, measuring each count for the same count period. repeat readings and then take an average
- b) A hospital uses a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 6 hours.
A technician measures a count rate of 80 counts per minute (cpm) from this isotope.
Complete the graph on Figure 5, as accurately as possible, to show how the count-rate from this isotope will change from the time of the first measurement.
The first point is already drawn in Figure 5.
point after first half-life 6, 40
point after second half-life 12, 20
point after third half life 18, 10
- c) one radioactive source used in hospitals is technetium (Tc). technetium is produced from the radioactive decay of molybdenum (Mo). complete the following nuclear equation:
99 ? 0
Mo —> Tc + B (beta)
42 ? -1
99 99 0
Mo —> Tc + B (beta)
42 43 -1
- a) which row of the table is correct for both force and velocity? (MC)
D - (force) vector, (velocity) vector
- b) figure 6 shows a satellite orbiting the earth
i) state the name of the force that keeps the satellite in orbit around the earth
gravitational
- b) figure 6 shows a satellite orbiting the earth
ii) draw an arrow on figure 6 to show the direction of the force acting on the satellite, that keeps the satellite in orbit around earth labelled ‘F’
arrow drawn from the satellite to the centre of the earth
- c) satellites are used to gather data about the origin of the universe. the big bang theory is a theory about the origin of the universe. evidence for the big bang theory is provided by red-shift and CMB radiation.
i) describe what is meant by red-shift
when the wavelength is increased and frequency decreased as the star moves away from us
- c) satellites are used to gather data about the origin of the universe. the big bang theory is a theory about the origin of the universe. evidence for the big bang theory is provided by red-shift and CMB radiation.
ii) explain how red-shift provides evidence for the big bang theory
the big bang theory suggests an expanding universe with galaxies moving away from each other
- c) satellites are used to gather data about the origin of the universe. the big bang theory is a theory about the origin of the universe. evidence for the big bang theory is provided by red-shift and CMB radiation.
iii) the cosmic background explorer satellite observed CMB radiation from 1989 to 1993. state what the M in CMB stands for
microwave
- c) satellites are used to gather data about the origin of the universe. the big bang theory is a theory about the origin of the universe. evidence for the big bang theory is provided by red-shift and CMB radiation.
iv) state what is meant by cosmic background radiation
radiation that comes from all over the universe
- c) satellites are used to gather data about the origin of the universe. the big bang theory is a theory about the origin of the universe. evidence for the big bang theory is provided by red-shift and CMB radiation.
v) explain how the presence of CMB radiation provides evidence for the Big Bang Theory
the big bang theory has a beginning explosion which releases radiation
- a) figure 7 shows a tuning fork. when the prongs of the tuning fork are stuck, the prongs vibrate in the directions shown by the arrows on figure 7.
describe how the vibrating fork causes a sound wave to travel through the air
the prong makes the air vibrate in the same direction as the wave travels
- b) the following descriptions describe different EM waves. add the names to the descriptions
(in order)
- infrared
- microwave
- radio wave
- gamma wave
- c) when white light crosses the boundary between glass and air, it can split up into colours of the spectrum.
explain in terms of speed why the light behaves like this
the colours have different wavelengths and these travel at different speeds, so refract by different amounts
- a) symbol ‘g’ can be used to refer to the acceleration due to gravity which has unit m/s^2. g can also have another unit, what is it? (MC)
C - N/kg
- b) two students try to determine a value for g, the acceleration due to gravity.
i) They measure the time, t, for a small steel ball to fall through a height, h, from rest. t to be 0.74 s, using a stopwatch. h to be 2.50 m, using a metre rule. Calculate a value for g from the students’ measurements. use:
g = 2h / t^2
2 x 2.50 / 0.74^2
= 9.1
- b) two students try to determine a value for g, the acceleration due to gravity.
ii) they record the time t for two more drops from the same height:
0. 74s, 0.69s, 0.81s
calculate the average of t to appropriate number of s.f’s
0.74 + 0.69 + 0.81 = 2.24 / 3
= 0.746
= 0.7
- two students try to determine a value for g, the acceleration due to gravity.
c) explain one way the students could improve their procedure to obtain a more accurate value for g
use an electronic timer to eliminate reaction time
- d) a car travelling at 15 m/s comes to rest in a distance of 14m when the brakes are applied.
calculate the deceleration of the car using an equation at back of paper.
a = (v^2 -) u^2 / 2 x
= (-) 15^2 / 2 x 14
= 8.04
