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Physics Overall > Physics Overall > Flashcards

Physics Overall Flashcards

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1
Q

Formula for Density?

A

Density=mass/volume

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2
Q

Formula for speed and acceleration?

A

Speed = distance / time
Acceleration = change in velocity / change in time

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3
Q

Formula for weight?

A

Weight = mass x gravitational field strength

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4
Q

Formula for force involving mass?

A

Force = mass x Acceleration

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5
Q

What is the formula for Hooke’s law?
What is meant by the term limit of proportionality?

A

Force = spring constant x amount of extension (meters)

Limit of proportionality is the maximum force that can be applied on a spring before the amount of extension is no longer proportional to the force.

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6
Q

What is the moment of a force and what is its formula?

A

The moment of a force is the measure of its turning effect.

Moment (Nm) = force(N) x perpendicular distance from pivot (meters)

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7
Q

What is the center of gravity?

A

The center of gravity is where the total mass of an object is concentrated.

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8
Q

Formula for momentum and its Unit?

A

Kg m/s
Momentum = mass x velocity

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9
Q

What is impulse and what is its formula?

A

Impulse is the time for which a force acts on an object.
Impulse = force x time

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10
Q

What is resultant force and what is the formula?

A

The resultant force is the change in momentum per unit time.
F = change in momentum/time

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11
Q

What is kinetic and gravitational potential energy and what are the formulas.

A

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. Gravitational potential energy is the energy an object has due to its height.

Kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x v squared

Gravitational potential = mass x gravity x height

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12
Q

What is work and what is the formula?

A

Work is the energy transfer.
Work = force x displacement
Or
Work = change in energy

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13
Q

Formula for efficiency

A

Efficiency% = (useful energy or power output/total energy or power input) x 100

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14
Q

What is Power and what is the formula?

A

Power is the work done per unit time
P = Work or energy change / time (s)

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15
Q

What is pressure and what is the formula?

A

Pressure is the force per unit area.
Pressure = force/area

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16
Q

How to convert temperature between kelvin and Celsius?

A

Celsius + 273

17
Q

What is Boyles law

A

The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to the volume when the temperature is constant.

18
Q

What is the specific heat capacity and what is the formula?

A

The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a given body by 1 degree Celsius.

Specific heat capacity = change in heat energy (J)/(mass x change in temperature)

19
Q

Waves transfer energy without transferring matter. What is the wavefront, wavelength, frequency, crest (peak), trough, amplitude and wave speed?

A

Wavefront - Front line of the wave.
Wavelength - distance between two crests.
Frequency - how many waves happen in a second measured in hertz.
Crest - the top part of the wave.
Trough - the bottom part of the wave.
Amplitude - the maximum displacement of the wave.
Wave speed - how fast a wave travels through a medium.

20
Q

Describe Fleming right hand rule.
What direction does conventional current move?

A

Thumb - direction of force
Index finger - direction of field, north to south
Middle finger - direction of current

Conventional current flows from positive to negative, opposite to actual flow.

21
Q

Describe the right hand grip rule 1 and 2.

A

Rule 1, thumb = conventional current + to -
Fingers are the magnetic field direction.

Rule 2, thumb North Pole
Fingers are the conventional current direction in a coil.

22
Q

Like currents and opposite currents attract or repel.

A

Like currents attract

Opposite currents repel

23
Q

What is a commutator and what is a brush in generators?

A

Commutator changes direction of current in coil once every half revolution so coil rotates in the same direction and keeps moving.

The brush connects the commutator to the circuit and acts like a lubricant and is a good conductor. Made out of graphite.

24
Q

What are alpha particles and give characteristics.

A

Alpha particles are a helium nucleus.
They are large and relatively slow and highly ionising which is the ability to remove electrons from atoms.

25
Q

What are beta particles? Give characteristics.

A

Faster than alpha particles. Causes less ionization than alpha but more than gamma etc. they can pass through papear but stopped by few mm of aluminium. They are deflected by magnetic fields.

26
Q

Describe gamma rays.

A

No mass and no charge. High frequency.
Travels at the speed of light in vacuum.
Low ionisation.
Only stopped by several cm of lead.
Unaffected by electric and magnetic fields.

27
Q

What is used to detect radiation?
And what is half life?

A

Geiger muller tube. Gm.

Half life is the time taken for activity of a radioactive sample to fall to half its value.

28
Q

What is the formula for impulse and resultant force?

A

Impulse = forced x time
Resultant force = change in momentum/change in time

29
Q

Formula for resistance?
Formula for current?

A

Resistance = Voltage/current unit ohms

Current = charge/time

30
Q

What are both formulas for the refractive index?

A

Refractive index (n) = Sin i/ sin r

n = 1/sin c (critical angle)

31
Q

Formula for pressure 2 of them

A

Pressure = force/area
Pressure = height x density x gravitational field strength

32
Q

Specific heat capacity formula

A

Specific heat capacity = Change in energy/mass x change in temperature

33
Q

Velocity of a wave

A

Velocity = frequency x wavelength

34
Q

Total resistance in a parallel circuit formula

A

1/ total resistance = 1/R1 + 2/R2

35
Q

State the order of the electromagnetic spectrum and which side has the longest wavelength and highest frequency.

A

Longest wave length —> Radio waves - microwaves - infrared - visible light - u.v - x rays - gamma rays <—highest frequency

Physics Overall (2 decks)

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