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Grade 10 - Science > Physics - Optics > Flashcards

Physics - Optics Flashcards

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1
Q

What is light?

A

A stream of photons that are massless particles each travelling with wavelike properties at the speed of light (it can travel without a medium). A photon is the smallest quantity of energy which can be transported

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2
Q

What makes an object Luminous?

A

Objects that are able to emit their own visible light (eg. light bulbs, the sun and other stars, matches)

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3
Q

What makes an object Non-Luminous?

A

Not capable of producing light, but can be capable of reflecting light from another source (eg. wood, plastics, the moon)

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4
Q

What does Incandescence mean?

A

emits light as a result of being heated (eg. Candle, fire, stove burner, light bulb)

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5
Q

What does Electrical Discharge mean?

A

An electric current passes through gas and causes it to glow (eg. Flashlights, neon lights, lightning)

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6
Q

What does Phosphorescence mean?

A

Emission of light from a substance-exposed to radiation object absorbs UV light and emits visible light in the eye

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7
Q

What does Fluorescence mean?

A

Absorbs UV light and emits visible but through the use of gases and chemical discharge (eg. Detergent, fluorescent light bulbs)

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8
Q

What does Bioluminescence mean?

A

Light is emitted by a living organism, this is a type of chemiluminescence. The light is produced from a chemical reaction (eg. Fireflies, glow worms, jellyfish, angler fish)

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9
Q

What does Triboluminescence mean?

A

The light produced by friction or contact between crystals

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10
Q

What does Light-Emitting-Diode (LED) mean?

A

Only allow energy to flow in one direction with the use of semiconductors. They produce very little heat when they emit light (eg. Christmas lights, cars, screens, flashlights)

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11
Q

What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

The electromagnetic spectrum is the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and their respective wavelengths and photon energies.

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12
Q

What is the relationship between wavelength and energy?

A

the shorter the wavelength, the higher the energy* (gamma rays have the highest energy, radio waves have the lowest

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13
Q

What are the seven radiation types (in order from the shortest wavelength to the longest wavelength?

A
  • Radio
  • Microwave
  • Infrared
  • Visible
  • Ultraviolet
  • X-Ray
  • Gamma Ray
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14
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

The speed of light is c = 3 x 10^8 m/s

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15
Q

whats an example of radio waves

A

television

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16
Q

what an example of microwave waves

A

microwaves

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17
Q

whats an example of infrared waves

A

burning charcoal

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18
Q

whats an example of visible waves

A

the sun

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19
Q

whats an example of ultraviolet waves

A

nail thingy like the things they have in nail salons to cure the manicure

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20
Q

whats an example of xray waves

A

xrays, scanning for fractures, etc

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21
Q

what an example of gamma ray waves

A

cancers treatment

22
Q

what are the similarities between radiation types

A
  • All are types of electromagnetic waves (energy transfer)

- Travel at the same speed

23
Q

what are the differences between radiation types

A
  • Wavelength (waves from 1 peak to another) - Longer wavelength = less energy
  • Energy level (placed different on the spectrum)
  • only one type of wave is visible to our naked eyes - VISIBLE LIGHT
24
Q

what is the law of reflection

A

Angle of incidence (oi) = angle of reflection (or)

25
Q

if the object was beyond c in a concave mirror, what is salt

A

smaller
inverted
between f and c
real

26
Q

if the object is at c in a concave mirror what is salt

A

same
inverted
at c (it should be identical to the top)
real

27
Q

if the object is between f and c in a concave mirror what is salt

A

larger
inverted
beyond c
real

28
Q

if the object is at f in a concave mirror what is salt

A

there is no image formed

29
Q

if the object is between f and v in a concave mirror what is salt

A

larger
upright
behind mirror
virtual

30
Q

if the object is far beyound c in a concave mirror what is salt

A

smaller
inverted
between f and c
real

31
Q

(concave) Any incident ray parallel to the PA will

A

reflect through F

32
Q

(concave) Any incident ray passing through F will

A

reflect parallel to the PA

33
Q

(concave) Any incident ray striking the vertex will

A

reflect at the same angle

34
Q

(concave) Any incident ray passing through C will

A

bounce back through C

35
Q

(convex) Any incident ray parallel to PA will

A

reflect as if it were to pass through the focal point

36
Q

(convex) Any incident ray moving towards F, will

A

reflect parallel to the PA

37
Q

(convex) Any incident ray moving towards C will

A

reflect back upon itself

38
Q

(convex) Any incident ray striking v will

A

reflect back at the same angle (oi=or)

39
Q

what is salt for a convex mirror

A

smaller
upright
behind mirror
virtual

40
Q

what is refraction

A

The change in direction or speed of light when it travels from one medium into another.

41
Q

what happens when light travels from a faster medium to a slower one

A

the light bends towards normal

42
Q

whats a real life application of refraction

A

a rainbow, the light refracts through the raindrops

43
Q

what is apparent depth

A

Since the light rays travelling from the object to our eyes bend away from the normal when they travel from water to air, the refracted rays appear to be coming from a point above where the object actually is.

44
Q

what are the steps to draw a diagram for apparent depth

A
  1. First draw the virtual image that will be formed higher up than the object
  2. Draw the refracted rays starting from the image (dotted lines) to the observer in a straight line. Make sure the actual refracted rays are bolded lines.
  3. Draw the normal where the refracted rays change mediums.
  4. Connect the refracted rays to the point on the object they originate from.
45
Q

what does each variable in the index of refraction equation stand for

A 
N =  index of refraction 
C = velocity of light in a vacuum (speed of light) 
V = velocity of light in the medium
46
Q

what are the two conditions for total internal reflection to occur

A
  • the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle and therefore totally reflects light (no refraction occurs)
  • medium one has to be more optically dense than medium 2
47
Q

what is an application of total internal reflection

A

Diamonds - they cut the diamond in a way that traps the light inside of it and reflects out the top making it sparkle

48
Q

what are some applications of a convex mirror

A

security camera, side car mirrors, hallway mirrors (they show a wider view)

49
Q

what are some applications of a concave mirror

A

makeup mirrors, bathroom mirrors, spotlights (they focus on a small area)

50
Q

what is hyperopia

A

Farsightedness
Light focuses behind the retina
To correct → converging lens

51
Q

what is myopia

A

Nearsightedness
Light focuses before the retina
To correct→ diverging lens

Grade 10 - Science (1 decks)

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