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Physics > Physics Of Solids > Flashcards

Physics Of Solids Flashcards

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1
Q

Word amorphous means?

A

Without form or structure

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2
Q

Glass becomes viscous liquid at?

A

800 C

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3
Q

Amorphous solids are also called?

A

Glassy solids

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4
Q

Specific gravity of polymeric solids is?

A

Lower than even the lightest metals

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5
Q

Strength to weight ratio of polymeric solids is?

A

Good

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6
Q

Empirical formula of rubber is?

A

C5H6

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7
Q

Elasticity is defined as?

A

Ability of body to return to its original state after stress is removed

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8
Q

Stress is defined as?

A

Force applied on unit area to change the length, volume or shape of the body

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9
Q

Symbol of stress is?

A

Sigma

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10
Q

Shear stress Changes _____ of the body?

A

Shape

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11
Q

Strain is defined as?

A

Measure of deformation in a body when stress is applied on it

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12
Q

Tensile strength is given as?

A

Original length

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13
Q

How many types of strain are there?

A

4 types

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14
Q

Opposite of tensile strain is?

A

Compressive strain

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15
Q

Volumetric strain is defined as?

A

Fractional change is volume per unit volume

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16
Q

Tensile strain is represented by?

A

Small E shape

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17
Q

Shear strain is represented by?

A

Gamma

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18
Q

Shear strain is equal to?

A

a

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19
Q

Shear strain is also equal to?

A

Tan theta

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20
Q

For small value of theta, shear strain is equal to?

A

Theta

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21
Q

Ratio of stress to strain is called?

A

Modulas of elasticity

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22
Q

Ratio of tensile stress to tensile strain is called?

A

Young’s modulus

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23
Q

Young’s modulus is represented by?

A

Y

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24
Q

Ratio of volumetric stress to volumetric strain is called?

A

Bulk modulus

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25
Q

Bulk modulus is represented by?

A

K

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26
Q

Ratio of shear stress to shear strain is defined as?

A

Shear modulus

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27
Q

G in solid state physics represents?

A

Shear modulus

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28
Q

Proportional limit is defined as?

A

Greatest stress that a material can endure without loosing straight line proportionality between stress and strain

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29
Q

Sigma p represents?

A

Proportional limit

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30
Q

Maximum stress that a material can endure without loosing elasticity is?

A

Elastic limit

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31
Q

Elastic limit is denoted by?

A

Sigma e

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32
Q

Point corresponding to elastic limit is called?

A

Yield point

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33
Q

Maximum stress that a material can endure is called?

A

UTS or nominal strength

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34
Q

The last point on stress strain graph represents?

A

Fracture stress

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35
Q

Lead is a ________ material?

A

Ductile

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36
Q

High carbon steel is a _______ material?

A

Brittle

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37
Q

Good conductors have conductivities of the order?

A

10^7 per ohm meter

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38
Q

Insulators have conductivities of the order?

A

10 raised to the power -10 to -20 per ohm meter

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39
Q

Semiconductors have conductivities of the order?

A

10 raised to power -6 to -4 per ohm meter

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40
Q

Energy band theory is based on which model?

A

Wave mechanical model

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41
Q

Which theory was unable to explain different conductivities of different materials?

A

Free electron theory based on Bohr model

42
Q

Ratio of impurity atoms to semiconductor atoms in extrinsic semi conductors is?

A

1 : 10^6

43
Q

Semi conductors belong to which group of periodic table?

A

4th group

44
Q

Examples of pentavalent elements are?

A

Phosphorus
Arsenic
Antimony

45
Q

Arsenic is a ______________ impurity?

A

Pentavalent

46
Q

Antimony is a ____________ impurity?

A

Pentavalent

47
Q

Examples of trivalent elements?

A

Aluminium
Boron
Gallium
Indium

48
Q

Gallium is an example of ____________ impurity?

A

Trivalent

49
Q

Indium is a ____________ impurity?

A

Trivalent

50
Q

Aluminium is a _____________ impurity?

A

Trivalent

51
Q

Critical temperature is defined as?

A

Temperature below which a super conductor obtains zero resistance

52
Q

First semi conductors was discovered in?

A

1911

53
Q

First super conductor was discovered by?

A

Kmaerlingh ornes

54
Q

First super conductor discovered was?

A

Mercury

55
Q

Critical temperature of mercury is?

A

4.2K

56
Q

Critical temperature of aluminum is?

A

1.18K

57
Q

Critical temperature of tin is?

A

3.72K

58
Q

Critical temperature of lead is?

A

7.2K

59
Q

Ceramic superconductors were discovered in?

A

1986

60
Q

Ceramic superconductors become superconductors at temperatures as high as?

A

125K

61
Q

High temperature super conductors have critical temperatures higher than?

A

77K

62
Q

Yttrium barium copper oxide was discovered by?

A

Prof. Yao lians lee

63
Q

Yttrium barium copper oxide has formula?

A

YBa2Cu3O7

64
Q

Critical temperature of yttrium barium copper oxide is?

A

163K

65
Q

Superconductor with critical temperature 163 K is?

A

Yttrium barium copper oxide

66
Q

Super conductor with critical temperature 1.18 K is?

A

Aluminium

67
Q

Superconductor with critical temperature 3.72K is?

A

Tin

68
Q

Superconductor with critical temperature 7.2K is?

A

Lead

69
Q

Superconductor with critical temperature 4.2K is?

A

Mercury

70
Q

Four applications of super conductors?

A

Levitating trains
Fast computer chips
MRI
Powerful and small motors

71
Q

An atom that behaves like a tiny magnet is called?

A

Magnetic dipole

72
Q

Charged nucleus ______ to give rise to magnetic field?

A

Spins

73
Q

Substances in which motion of electrons support magnetic field are called?

A

Paramagnetic substances

74
Q

Substances in which magnetic fields of electrons add up to zero are called?

A

Diamagnetic substances

75
Q

Examples of diamagnetic substances are?

A

Water
Copper
Bismuth
Antimony

76
Q

Antimony is _________ in its magnetic properties?

A

Diamagnetic

77
Q

Water is ___________ in its magnetic properties?

A

Diamagnetic

78
Q

Copper is _____________ in its magnetic properties?

A

Diamagnetic

79
Q

Bismuth is ______________ in its magnetic properties?

A

Diamagnetic

80
Q

Substances in which atoms cooperate to give rise to strong magnetic field?

A

Ferromagnetic substances

81
Q

Examples of ferromagnetic substances?

A

Chromium dioxide
Alnico
Iron
Cobalt
Nickel

82
Q

Chromium dioxide is _____________ in its magnetic properties?

A

Ferromagnetic

83
Q

Nickel is ______________ in its magnetic properties?

A

Ferromagnetic

84
Q

Cobalt is ______________ in its magnetic properties?

A

Ferromagnetic

85
Q

Size of magnetic domains is?

A

Few millimeters

86
Q

Number atoms in a single magnetic domain is?

A

10^12 to 10^16

87
Q

Iron is a ____________ magnetic material?

A

Soft

88
Q

Soft magnetic materials are preferred in?

A

Electromagnets
Transformers

89
Q

Steel is a ___________ magnetic material?

A

Hard

90
Q

Examples of hard magnetic material?

A

Steel
Alnico V

91
Q

Hard magnetic materials are preferred in?

A

Permanent magnets

92
Q

Curie temperature is defined as?

A

Temperature above which ferromagnetic substances loose orderliness is their domains and become paramagnetic

93
Q

Curie temperature of iron is?

A

750 C

94
Q

Brief definition of hysteresis?

A

The phenomenon is which the value of flux density for any value of current is greater when the current is decreasing than when it is increasing is called hysteresis

95
Q

Short definition of hysteresis?

A

Magnetization lags behind magnetizing current

96
Q

Tendency of domains to stay in line once they have been aligned is called?

A

Remanence or Retantivity

97
Q

Another term for Retantivity is?

A

Remanence

98
Q

What is coercivity?

A

In order to completely demagnetize the material, magnetizing current has to be reversed and increased, this is coercivity

99
Q

Hysteresis loss is defined as?

A

Energy dissipated in doing work against internal friction of domains when trying to magnetize and demagnetize them

100
Q

Speed of a bullet train can be enhanced up to?

A

500 kmph

Physics (8 decks)

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