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Y9 Science > Physics - Motion & Pressure > Flashcards

Physics - Motion & Pressure Flashcards

1
Q

What is speed?

A

The measure of how far something travels in a particular time

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2
Q

How do you calculate speed?

A 
distance travelled (m)
------------------------------
time taken (s)
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3
Q

What is instantaneous speed?

A

The speed of an object at a particular moment in time

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4
Q

How do you work out average speed?

A

total time

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5
Q

What is relative motion?

A

How fast one object is travelling compared to another

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6
Q

What is the relative speed of two objects moving at the same speed in the same direction?

A

zero

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7
Q

What is the relative speed of two cars moving at 30mph towards each other?

A

60mph

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8
Q

What does a distance-time graph show?

A

The distance that an object travels over a certain time

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9
Q

What does a steep line show you?

A

The object is moving fast

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10
Q

What produces gas pressure?

A

The amount of collisions between the air molecules and their container

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11
Q

How can you increase pressure?

A

By squashing a gas into a smaller volume, which causes more collisions

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12
Q

What makes the size of a balloon increase?

A

When there are more collisions in the inside than the outside

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13
Q

What happens when the temperature of a gas decreases?

A

Its molecules move slower and fewer collisions occur with the sides of the container

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14
Q

What happens to the pressure of a solid container when the gas pressure decreases?

A

It decreases

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15
Q

What do the molecules do when the temperature of a gas increases?

A

They collide more and are much faster

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16
Q

What happens when more gas is added to a container?

A

The gas inside becomes compressed

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17
Q

What happens when a gas is compressed?

A

As more molecules are added in the same space, more collisions occur

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18
Q

Why is a stronger container needed to hold a compressed gas?

A

The pressure is bigger, so the force exerted by the gas over the area of the container is bigger

19
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The pressure that the air around you exerts

20
Q

Why is the atmospheric pressure at sea level higher than at a mountain?

A

Gravity pulls the air particles towards the Earth, and because they are closer more collisions occur, increasing the pressure

21
Q

Why does gas have a higher density at sea level?

A

There is more mass of gas in a certain volume

22
Q

What are oxygen tanks?

A

Tanks that contain oxygen gas compressed into a small volume

23
Q

What happens when liquid pressure occurs?

A

Water molecules push on each other and on surfaces in all directions

24
Q

Why are liquids incompressible?

A

Because the liquid particles are touching each other with very little space between them and pass on any pressure

25
Q

Why are gases compressible?

A

There is lots of space between the gas particles

26
Q

What does pressure at a certain depth depend on?

A

The weight of the water above it

27
Q

What causes upthrust and what does it do?

A

Upthrust is caused by liquid pressure and acts on any object that is floating, or is submerged in a liquid

28
Q

Why does a rubber duck float and what is produced?

A

More water molecules hit the bottom of the rubber duck than there are air molecules hitting the top, which produces upthrust

29
Q

When would an object not be able to float?

A

If the area in contact with the water is too small, there is not enough upthrust to balance its weight so it sinks

30
Q

What force is required to push a submarine up and how is it produced?

A

Upthrust is produced as underwater there is a difference in pressure between the top and bottom of the submarine

31
Q

What is pressure?

A

A measure of how much force is applied over a certain area

32
Q

What direction does pressure act in?

A

90°, or normal, to the surface

33
Q

How do you calculate pressure?

A 
 area (m^2)
34
Q

Why do the studs on the bottom of a football boot have a smaller area compared with the area of the foot?

A

In order to produce a bigger pressure, which makes the studs sink into the ground and move quicker as well as stronger grip

35
Q

Why do snowshoes require a big area?

A

It lessens the pressure on snow so that you do not sink

36
Q

What does a turning force’s distance depend on?

A

A pivot

37
Q

What is the turning effect of a force and what does it depend on?

A

A moment, which depends on the force being applied and how far away it is from the pivot

38
Q

How do you calculate a moment?

A

moment (Nm) = force (N) x perpendicular distance from the pivot (m)

39
Q

How does the moment of your weight act?

A

Anticlockwise

40
Q

What is the law of moments?

A

When an object is in equalibrium the sum of the clockwise moments is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments

41
Q

What is the centre of gravity (mass)?

A

The point where all the weight of an object acts through

42
Q

What will happen if the centre of gravity is above the pivot?

A

There will be no turning force

43
Q

What will happen if the centre of gravity is to the left or right of the pivot?

A

There will be a turning force

Y9 Science (5 decks)

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