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physics mcat Flashcards

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1
Q

universal gravitation equation

A

F=(Gm1m2)/(r^2)

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2
Q

static friction

A

Fs ≤ μs η , and Fsmax = μs η

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3
Q

kinetic friction

A

F= μkN

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4
Q

force of gravity

A

F=mg

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5
Q

Newton’s first law

A

F=ma=0

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6
Q

Newton’s 2nd law

A

F=ma

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7
Q

Newton’s 3rd law

A

F(AB)=-F(BA)

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8
Q

Kinematics equation (no displacement)

A

v = v₀ + at

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9
Q

Kinematics equation (no final velocity)

A

x = x₀ + v₀t + ½at²

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10
Q

Kinematics equations (no time)

A

v² = v₀² + 2ax

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11
Q

Kinematics (no acceleration)

A

x=vt

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12
Q

perpendicular component of gravity on an inclined plane

A

F=mgcos θ

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13
Q

parallel component of gravity on an inclined plane

A

F=mgsin θ

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14
Q

Centripetal force

A

F=(mv^2)/r

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15
Q

Torque

A

t=r x F= rFsin θ

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16
Q

kinetic energy

A

K=(1/2)mv^2

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17
Q

gravitational potential energy

A

U=mgh

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18
Q

elastic potential energy

A

U=(1/2)kx^2

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19
Q

total mechanical energy

A

E=U+K

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20
Q

conservation of mechanical energy

A

ΔE=ΔU+ΔK

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21
Q

work done by nonconservative forces

A

W(nonconservative)=ΔE=ΔU+ΔK

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22
Q

definition of work (mechanical)

A

W=F dot d = Fdcosθ

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23
Q

Definition of work (isobaric gas-piston system)

A

W=PΔV

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24
Q

Definition of power

A

P=(W/t)=ΔE/t

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25
Q

Work-energy theorem

A

W(net)=ΔK

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26
Q

Mechanical advantage

A

F(out)/F(in)

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27
Q

Efficiency

A

W(out)/W(in) = ((load)(load distance))/((effort)(effort distance))

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28
Q

temperature conversions

A

F=(9/5)C+32

K=C+273

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29
Q

thermal expansion equation

A

ΔL=alphaLΔT

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30
Q

volume expansion equation

A

ΔV=betaVΔT

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31
Q

first law of thermodynamics

A

U=Q-W

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32
Q

heat gained or lost with temp change

A

q=mcΔT

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33
Q

heat gained or lost with phase change

A

q=mL

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34
Q

entropy and heat

A

ΔS=(Qrev)/T

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35
Q

second law of thermodynamics

A

ΔSuniv=ΔSsys+ΔSsurr > 0

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36
Q

density

A

ρ=m/V

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37
Q

weight of a volume of fluid

A

F= ρVg

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38
Q

specific gravity

A

SG= ρ/(1 g per cm^3)

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39
Q

pressure

A

P=F/A

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40
Q

Absolute pressure

A

P=P0+ ρgz

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41
Q

Gauge pressure

A

Pgauge=P-Patm= (P0+ ρgz) - Patm

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42
Q

Pascal’s principle

A

P=F1/A1=F2/A2

F2=F1(A2/A1)

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43
Q

Buoyant force

A

Fbuoy=ρfluidVfluiddisplacedg=ρfluidVsubmergedg

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44
Q

Poiseuille’s law

A

Q=ΔPπr^4/8ηl

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45
Q

Critical speed

A

V=nN/ρd

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46
Q

Continuity equation

A

Q=v1A1=v2A2

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47
Q

Bernoulli’s equation

A

P1+1/2ρv1^2+ρgh1=P2+1/2ρv2^2+ρgh2

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48
Q

Doppler’s from qpack

A

Δf/f=(-v/c)

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49
Q

fixed voltage between cathode and anode

A

E=(V-IR)/L

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50
Q

Coulomb’s law

A

F(e)=k|q1||q2| / d2

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51
Q

Electric field

A

E=F(e)/q=kQ/(r^2)=V/r

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52
Q

Electric potential energy

A

U=kQq/r

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53
Q

Electric potential (from electric potential energy)

A

V=U/q

54
Q

Electric potential (from source charge)

A

V=kQ/r

55
Q

Voltage

A

ΔV=V(a)-V(b)=W(ab)/q

56
Q

Electric potential near dipole

A

V=(kqd)(cosθ)/(r^2)

57
Q

Dipole moment

A

p=qd

58
Q

electric field on the perpendicular bisector of a dipole

A

E=(1/4piepsilonnaught) x (p/r^3)

59
Q

torque on a dipole in an electric field

A

torque=pEsinθ

60
Q

magnetic field from a straight wire

A

B=u0I/(2pir)

61
Q

magnetic force from a loop of wire

A

B=u0I/2r

62
Q

magnetic force on a moving point charge

A

F=qvBsinθ

63
Q

magnetic force on a current-carrying wire

A

F=ILBsinθ

64
Q

current

A

I=Q/Δt

65
Q

Kirchoff’s junction rule

A

I(into junction)=I(out of junction)

66
Q

Kirchoff’s loop rule

A

V(source)=V(drop)

67
Q

Resistance

A

R=ρL/A

68
Q

Ohm’s law

A

V=IR

69
Q

voltage and cell emf

A

V=E(cell)-ir(internal)

70
Q

definition of power

A

P=W/t=ΔE/t

71
Q

electric power

A

P=IV=(I^2)R=(V^2)/r

72
Q

voltage drop across circuit elements (series)

A

Vtot=V1+V2+V3…

73
Q

equivalent resistance (series)

A

Rtot=R1+R2+R3…

74
Q

voltage drop across circuit elements (parallel)

A

Vp=V1=V2=V3…

75
Q

equivalent resistance (parallel)

A

(1/R)=(1/R1)+(1/R2)+(1/R3)…

76
Q

definition of capacitance

A

C=Q/V

77
Q

capacitance based on parallel plate geometry

A

C=epsilonnaught (A/d)

78
Q

electric field in a capacitor

A

E=V/d

79
Q

potential energy of a capacitor

A

U=(1/2)CV^2

80
Q

capacitance of a dielectric material

A

C’=kC

81
Q

dielectrics in isolated capacitor

A

decrease in voltage

82
Q

dielectrics in circuit capacitor

A

increase in charge

83
Q

equivalent capacitance (series)

A

(1/C)=(1/C1)+(1/C2)+(1/C3)…

84
Q

equivalent capacitance (parallel)

A

C=C1+C2+C3…

85
Q

Wave speed

A

v=fλ

86
Q

period

A

T=1/f

87
Q

angular frequency

A

ω=(2pi)f=(2pi)/t

88
Q

speed of sound

A

v=sqrt(B/ρ) B increases gas -> liquid -> solid

89
Q

doppler effect

A

f’=f(v±vD)/(v∓vS)

90
Q

intensity

A

I=P/A

91
Q

sound level

A

beta=10log(I/I0) I0= 10^-12

92
Q

change in sound level

A

betaf = betai +10log(If/Ii)

93
Q

beat frequency

A

fbeat=f1-f2

94
Q

wavelength of a standing wave (strings and open pipes)

A

λ=(2L)/n

95
Q

frequency of a standing wave (strings and open pipes)

A

f=nv/(2L)

96
Q

wavelength of a standing wave (closed pipes)

A

λ=(4L)/n where n can only be odd integers

97
Q

frequency of a standing wave (closed pipes)

A

f=(nv)/4L

98
Q

speed of light

A

c=λf

99
Q

law of reflection

A

θ1=θ2

100
Q

optics equation

A

(1/f)=(1/o)+(1/i)=(2/r)

101
Q

magnification

A

m=-i/o

102
Q

index of refraction

A

n=c/v

103
Q

snell’s law

A

n1sinθ1=n2sinθ2

104
Q

critical angle

A

θc=inversersin (n2/n1) for n2

105
Q

lensmaker’s equation

A

1/f=(n-1)((1/r1)-(1/r2))

106
Q

power

A

P=1/f

107
Q

focal length of multiple lens systems

A

1/f=1/f1+1/f2+1/f3…

108
Q

power of multiple lens systems

A

P=P1+P2+P3…

109
Q

magnification of multiple lens systems

A

m=m1xm2xm3…

110
Q

positions of dark fringes in slit-lens setup

A

asinθ=nλ

111
Q

positions of dark fringes in double-slit setip

A

dsinθ=(n+1/2)λ

112
Q

farsighted people need

A

converging lens

113
Q

nearsighted people need

A

diverging lens

114
Q

i is +/-

A

image is real/virtual

115
Q

r is +/-

A

mirror is converging/diverging

116
Q

f is +/-

A

mirror is converging/diverging

117
Q

m is +/-

A

image is upright/inverted

118
Q

energy of a photon of light

A

E=hf

119
Q

maximum kinetic energy of an electron

A

Kmax=hf-W

120
Q

work function

A

W=hf f=threshold frequency

121
Q

mass defect and energy

A

E=mc^2

122
Q

alpha decay

A

atomic number loses 2, mass number loses 4, alpha particle emitted

123
Q

beta negative decay

A

atomic number gains one, electron emitted

124
Q

beta positive decay/electron capture

A

atomic nimber loses one

125
Q

gamma decay

A

gamma radiation emitted

126
Q

rate of nuclear decay

A

Δn/Δt=-λn

127
Q

exponential decay

A

n=n0e^-λt

128
Q

decay constant

A

λ=ln2/T(1/2)=0.693/T(1/2)

129
Q

log(n x 10^m)

A

approx. m+0.n

130
Q

log to ln

A

logx==ln(x)/2.303

physics mcat (1 decks)

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