Physics Lecture Flashcards
Module 1
Branch of science which deals
with the study of the behavior of fluids
Fluid Mechanics
Gas is a type of liquid (T/F)
TRUE
Liquid is a type of liquid (T/F)
TRUE
Any substance that can flow either a liquid or a gas
Fluid
Study of fluids at rest or equilibrium
situations
Fluid Statics
Study of fluids in motion.
Fluid Dynamics
Defined as mass per unit volume
Density
A homogenous material such as iron or ice has _________________________
same density throughout
The ____________ of a material is the ratio of its density to the density of water (1000kg/m^3).
Relative Density (Pr)
Amount of force
exerted on a given area
Pressure (Pa, Pascal)
This principle states that “an external pressure
applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted uniformly
throughout the volume of the liquid.
Pascal’s Principle
Enumerate the 4 properties of fluid pressure.
The forces exerted by a fluid on the walls of its
container are always perpendicular.
The fluid pressure is directly proportional to the
depth of the fluid and to its density.
At any particular depth, the fluid pressure is the
same in all directions.
Fluid pressure is independent of the shape or area of
its container.
This principle states that ‘the magnitude of the buoyant force on
an object always equals the weight of the
fluid displaced by the object.’
Archimedes Principle
This principle states that ‘an object that is completely or partially submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced.’
Archimedes Principle
Module 2
It is the degree of hotness of an object and it can be measured by thermometer.
Temperature (C,F,K)
The energy which travels from high temperature to low temperature in a matter.
Heat
It is also called thermal or internal energy.
Heat
Heat is the energy which travels from low temperature to high temperature in a matter. (T/F)
FALSE, HIGH TO LOW
The branch of physics that deals with the study of temperature, heat energy and their
relation to matter.
Thermal Physics
When objects are heated or cooled, the temperature changes and some properties of the materials change
Thermometric Properties
Common liquid element used in thermometer.
Mercury
Mercury freezes at ____ degrees Celsius and boils at _____ degrees Celsius.
-39, 357
All matters ____________ when heated because of the increase in the
vibration of the molecules.
expand
Describe the thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases.
Solids - EXPANSION JOINTS expands when heated. Particles do not move much nor expand freely.
Liquids - MERCURY expands when heated. Particles move more freely and expand more than in solids.
Gases - GAS expands when heated. Particles are farther apart and move much more freely than in liquids and expand more.
For moderate temperature changes, change in length
is ___________ proportional to change in temperature.
directly
When an object
undergoes thermal
expansion, any holes in
the object expand as
well. (T/F)
TRUE
Increasing temperature usually causes increases in
volume for both solid and liquid materials. (T/F)
TRUE
Energy transfer that takes
place solely because of
temperature difference is
called ____________________
and energy transferred in this
way is called ______
heat flow or heat transfer, HEAT
According to Joule, the temperature rise is ______ proportional to the amount of work
done.
directly
This means measuring heat.
Calorimetry
- Transfer of heat energy by molecular and electron collision
within a substance (especially solid)) - Materials that transfer heat through this manner is referred
to as ___________________ - Solids are _________ conductors because their molecules are closer
to each other and liquids and gases are _______ conductors
since their molecules are farther from each other
- Conduction
- Conductors
- good, poor/bad
Transfer of heat energy in a gas or liquid by means
of currents in the heated fluid. The fluid moves
carrying energy with it
Convection
Refers to the transfer of energy at
the speed of light through
electromagnetic waves
Radiation
Energy that is so radiated in a form of electromagnetic waves
Radiant Energy
Dark, rough surfaces ________ more radiant energy and produce heat. Light, smooth materials reflect radiant energy and produce ______ heat
absorb, less
Defined as the amount of heat required to raise
the temperature of 1 gram of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C
Calorie
The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 pound (weight) of
water 1°F
British Thermal Unit (BTU)
The quantity of heat Q required to increase the temperature of a
mass m of a certain material from T 1 to T 2, is found to be
____________ to the change in temperature and the mass of the
material.
proportional
__________ is the amount of heat required to raise the
temperature by 1°C for the mass of 1kg.
Specific heat (c)
What law does the following statement pertain to,
‘If C is initially in thermal equilibrium with both A and B, then A and B are also in
thermal equilibrium with each other.’
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
What principle does the following statement pertain to,
Two systems are in thermal equilibrium if and only if they have the same
temperature.
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
What principle states that ‘the amount of energy that leaves a body is equal the
amount of energy that enters another body in an isolated system’
Conservation of Energy
A branch of science that deals with the properties of matter and
their changes due to the effects of heat and work
Thermodynamics
The study of heat and work
Thermodynamics
Property pertaining to ‘‘degree of hotness”
Temperature
Property pertaining to ‘‘force per unit area”
Pressure
Property pertaining to ‘‘mass per unit volume”
Density
results when heat is absorbed or released without a change in temperature
PHASE CHANGE
Amount of heat required to change a substance from solid to liquid
Latent Heat of Fusion
Amount of heat required to change a substance from liquid to gas
Latent Heat of Vaporization
Module 3
The word “electric” is derived from the Greek word ________, meaning ____________.
elektron, amber
An invisible force in nature consisting of
two electrical charges, the proton and electron
Electricity
A property of matter that causes it to produce and
experience electrical and magnetic effect
Electrical Charge
The unit of electrical charge is named after ______________
Charles Augustin De Coulomb
Two positive charges or two negative charges _____ each other
while
A positive and a negative charge ______ each other.
repel, attract
When a material has an ________ number of electrons, it has a negative
electrical charge
excess
When a material has a _________ of electrons,
it has a positive electrical charge.
deficiency
Enumerate the 4 properties of charge
(1) Quantization of Charge : Electric charge can have only discrete values,
that is, charge is quantized.
(2) Charge is always associated with mass : A charge cannot exist without
mass, though a mass can exist without charge.
(3) Conservation of charge : Electric charge is always conserved in an
isolated system.
(4) Invariance of charge : Numerical value of a charge is independent of the
frame of reference.
Charging that involves contact
CONDUCTION
Materials that permit electric charge to move easily from
one region of the material to another.
CONDUCTORS
Material that do not easily permit the electric charge to
flow.
INSULATORS
Is a material that has an intermediate property of
conductor and insulator.
SEMICONDUCTOR
Charging process that does not involve
contact
INDUCTION
Objects are rubbed with each other and
charges transfer
FRICTION
The charges within the molecules of an insulating material can shift
slightly.
POLARIZATION ( atomic level of separation of charges
in insulators)
This principle states that ‘The magnitude of the electric force between two point
charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them’
COULOMB’S LAW
According to Coulomb’s Law, when the charges are of the
same sign, the force is ________
repulsive
According to Coulomb’s Law, when the charges are of
opposite signs, the force is
________
attractive
Module 4
Defined as the area where electrical force can be experienced
Electric Field
A charged body creates an electric field in the space
around it. (T/F)
TRUE
Defined as the force per unit charge experienced by a stationary point charge in a given location in a field
Electric Field
The electric field _______________ from a positive charge and _________ a negative charge and the electric field strength/magnitude decreases with distance
points away, toward
Who first introduced the concept of field lines? He
called them “lines of force” but the term “field lines” is preferable.
Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
An _____________ is an imaginary line or
curve drawn through a region of empty space so
that its tangent at any point is in the direction of
the electric field vector at that point.
(di ko na tinapos M4 after this)
electric field line
Module 5
The energy that charged particles such as electrons and protons have because
of its own electric charge and its relative position to other charged particles.
Electric potential energy
A scalar quantity equal to the product of the
displacement x and the component of the force Fx in the
direction of the displacement.
Work
Ability to do work by virtue of position or condition.
Potential Energy
Ability to do work by virtue of motion. (Mass with velocity)
Kinetic Energy
The work done by a resultant force is equal to the change in kinetic energy that it produces.
The Work-Energy Theorem
The amount of work done is equal to the
change in potential energy. (T/F)
TRUE
