Physics Innit Flashcards

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1
Q

The main renewable energy sources are:

A

Wind
Solar
Geothermal
Water waves
Biofuels
Hydro-electricity
Tidal

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2
Q

Strongly ionising:

A

Alpha

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3
Q

Moderately ionising:

A

Beta

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4
Q

Earth wire:

A

Yellow/green
Safety wire to stop the appliance becoming live

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5
Q

Three cons of nuclear power:

A

Very expensive to build
Risk of a nuclear meltdown
The waste is radioactive and very expensive to store

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6
Q

Neutral wire

A

Blue
Completes the circuit

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7
Q

Three cons of solar and wind power

A

Relatively high upfront costs

Their power production is dependent on the weather and therefore inconsistent

Take up alot of land space

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8
Q

What is the equation for wave speed?

A

Wave speed = frequency × wavelength

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9
Q

What is the equation for GPE?

A

Mgh

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10
Q

Resistance practical:

A

Tape-metre ruler-wire

Move the clips further apart to increase the lengths of the wire in the circuit. Measure the resistance.

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11
Q

What is the equation for charge flow?

A

Charge flow = current x time
(Q=it)

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12
Q

Density practical

A

Density=m/v
Density tells us the mass for a given volume

Regular objects
Determine mass using balance
To work out the volume, use a ruler and measure the length of the sides. Volume = length of the side ³. Put it in the equation

Irregular objects
Mass using balance
Fill eureka can using water, put a measuring cylinder under the spout.
Place object in water, it will cause water to be displaced and flow out from the spout.
Measure rhe volume of the water displaced. Same as volume of the object

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13
Q

What is gravity and what properties affect the strength of gravitational attraction?

A

Gravity is the force of attraction between 2 objects.

Two factors that affect the strength are:
The mass of the two objects
The distance between the two objects

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14
Q

What are the disadvantages of biofuels?

A

They require a large area of land to grow

They require a lot of energy to harvest, process and transport.

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15
Q

Weakly ionising

A

Gamma

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16
Q

What is the equation for potential difference?

A

Current x resistance
(V = IR)

17
Q

What are the main pros of nuclear power

A

Nuclear fuels such as plutonium and uranium are relatively cheap

Nuclear power plants can produce large and steady electric power

Nuclear power does not produce any greenhouse gases

18
Q

Charge and mass of a proton

A

Charge = +1
Mass = 1

19
Q

Charge and mass of a neutron

A

Charge = 0
Mass = 1

20
Q

Live wire

A

Brown
Provides the alternating potential difference from the supply

21
Q

What is the equation for power?
(Resitance)

A

Power = (current)² x resistance
P= I²r

22
Q

What is the equation for power?

A

Work done/time taken
Energy transferred/time taken

23
Q

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

A

1/2 x mass x speed² (v²)

24
Q

Thermal insulation practical

A

Place small beaker into larger beaker
Kettle boil water, transfer 7
80cm³ of hot water into small beaker
Place a piece of cardboard as a lid for the beakers, but leave a hole in the middle for the thermometer
Thermometer into the hole
Record starting temperature and start stopwatch
Record temp every 3 mins for 15 mins
Repeat same using volume of hot water, however this time use insulating materials to fill the gap between the beakers. Use the same mass in each case.
Record in table + cooking curces for differential.

Thickness affects thermal insulation
Beaker 80cm³, hot water, measure every 3 mins for 15.
Repeat but for 2 layers of newspaper around the beaker, Repeat again 2 more times using 4 and 6 layers

25
Q

What is the voltage between the live and neutral wire?

A

230V

26
Q

Step up transformers are used to:

A

Increase the voltage decrease the current

27
Q

Finish the sentence
-cannot penetrate paper:
-can penerate paper but not 5mm of aluminium:
-can penetrate aluminium but cannot thick lead:

A

Alpha
Beta
Gamma

28
Q

List the different ways that energy can be transferred

A

Electrically
Mechanically
Infrared radiation
Through heating
Sound or light waves

29
Q

Nuclear fission is the joining together of……
During nuclear fission the total mass of the particles….

A

Nuclei
Decrease

30
Q

Explain one environmental effect of generating electricity using fossil fuels

A

Releases carbon dioxide which causes global warming

31
Q

Types of radiation
No charge:
Positive charge:
Negative charge:

A

Gamma
Alpha
Beta

32
Q

What does direct potential difference mean?

A

The polarity of the supply does not change

33
Q

What are the units of power

A

Watts

34
Q

What are the advantages of biofuels

A

Easy to transport
Renewable
Can be used in cars

35
Q

What are isotopes

A

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

36
Q

What is the equation for total resistance

A

R1 + R2

37
Q

Charge and mass of an electron

A

Charge = -1
Mass = very small

38
Q

What are dependent, control and independent variables?

A

Dependent: Measure
Control: keep the same
Independent: Changing