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Physics iGCSE > Physics- Forces and motion > Flashcards

Physics- Forces and motion Flashcards

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0
Q

Weight

A

W = mg

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1
Q

Acceleration

A

a = v - u/t

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2
Q

Force (acc)

A

F = Ma

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3
Q

[P2] Momentum

A

p = mv

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4
Q

[P2] Force (momentum)

A

F = mv - mu / T

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5
Q

Moment

A

Moment (Nm) = f x perpendicular d from pivot

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6
Q

Orbital speed

A

v = 2 PI r / T

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7
Q

Distance time graphs

Gradient = ?
Flat = ?
Curves = ?
Downhill means ?

A

Gradient = speed/steady speed
Flat = stopped moving
Curves = acceleration/deceleration
Downhill means going back towards starting point.

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8
Q

Velocity time graphs

Gradient = ?
Flat = ?
Uphill means?
Downhill means?
Area under graph?
Curve?
A 
Gradient = acceleration
Flat = steady speed
Uphill means acceleration 
Downhill means deceleration 
Area under graph is distance 
Curve means changing acceleration
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9
Q

Experiment to show average speed

Mass affects speed?
Friction affects speed?
Acceleration?

A

Toy car on a ramp:

  1. Mark a line on ramp so car starts at same point each time
  2. Measure distance between each light gate (3)
  3. Let go of car just before light gate
  4. Light gates connected to a pc- when car passes it breaks beam of light, time recorded by data loggers
  5. Repeat and get average time -> more reliable
  6. Find average speed

Load weights onto car
Lay different materials flat
Starting car at different places on ramp

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10
Q

Experiment on free fall

A

Sycamore seeds- small weight, large s.a.

  1. Collect a bunch, weigh them and measure wing length
  2. Use seeds with similar mass but diff wing lengths
  3. Drop seeds from same height
  4. Use stopwatch - how long to fall to ground
  5. Repeat - find average time
  6. Plot graph
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11
Q

First law of motion

A

Balanced forces mean no change in velocity

ZERO RESULTANT FORCE

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12
Q

Second law of motion

A

A resultant force means Acceleration

Unbalanced force = object accelerate in that direction

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13
Q

The bigger the force, acceleration?

Th bigger the mass, acceleration?

A

Bigger the force, greater the acceleration

Bigger the mass. Smaller the acceleration

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14
Q

[P2] Third law of motion

A

If object A exerts a force on object B, object B exerts the EXACT OPPOSITE force on object A

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15
Q

[P2] Vector quantities?

Scalar quantities ?

Examples of each

A

Vector - size and direction
Force, velocity, acceleration, momentum

Scalar - size
Mass, temperature, time, length

16
Q

Stopping distance is

A

Thinking distance + braking distance

17
Q

Thinking distance is…

A

Distance car travels in time between driver noticing hazards and applying brakes

18
Q

Braking distance is…

A

Distance car travels during its deceleration whilst brakes are being applied

19
Q

Thinking distance affected by…

A

How fast you’re going

How DOPEY you are - tiredness, drugs, alcohol, old age

20
Q

Braking distance affected by…

A

How fast you’re going

Mass of vehicle - larger mass, longer takes to stop

Conditions of brakes

Grip - road surface, weather conditions, tyres

21
Q

[P2] larger the force, ? Change of Momentum so a ? Acceleration

A

Larger the force, faster change of momentum, greater acceleration

22
Q

[P2] how are cars designed to lessen injuries in a car crash? How?

A

CRUMPLE ZONES crumple on impact
Increasing time taken for car to stop

SEAT BELTS stretch slightly
Increasing time taken for wearer to stop- reduces forces acting on chest

AIR BAGS
Slow you down gradually

Longer it takes for change in momentum, smaller the force, less severe injuries

23
Q

Larger force means ? Moment

Longer lever, ? Force, ? Moment. Why?

To get maximum moment… Why?

A

Larger force means larger moment

Longer lever means same force can exert a larger moment because distance from pivot is greater

To get maximum moment, push at right angles - perpendicular to lever because at any other angle means smaller moment as perpendicular d from pivot is smaller

24
Q

How do you find centre of gravity of any shape?

A
  1. Suspend shape and plumb line for same point, wait until stops moving
  2. Draw a line along plumb line
  3. Do the same but suspend shape from different pivot point
  4. Centre of gravity is where two lines cross
25
Q

What is the principle of moments?

A

If an object balanced,

Total a.clockwise moments = total clockwise moments

26
Q

What is Hooke’s law

A

Extension is proportional to force

27
Q

Experiment Hooke’s law

A
  1. Have a weighted stand, clamp, hanging masses, spring
  2. Measure length of spring when no mass on it
  3. Add one mass, measure length
  4. Repeat 6 times
  5. Repeat exp, calculate average length for each weight
28
Q

What’s a galaxy

A

Large collection of stars

29
Q

Geostationary satellites
Orbital period?
Used for?
Why?

A

Orbital period of One day

Communications
Always over same part of the planet

30
Q

Comets

What are they
Orbits
Speed of orbits

A

Small lumps of icy rock

Very elliptical orbits around the sun

Travels much faster when near sun because GPE decreases, KE increases

Physics iGCSE (7 decks)

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