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Physics And Chemistry 2024 Year 10 > Physics-Forces And Motion > Flashcards

Physics-Forces And Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is distance

A

How far an object has travelled and does not include direction

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2
Q

What is displacement?

A

Displacement includes distance and how the object moves.Measured in straight line from finish to end.Direction of straight line.

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3
Q

What does quantity equal

A

Quanit=measurement eg:weight

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4
Q

How to calculate magnitude

A

Magnitude=size/strength

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5
Q

What is scalars

A

Scalars-physical quantities that have size but no direction

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6
Q

What is vectors

A

Vectors-have size and direction and are physical quantities

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7
Q

What is distance and displacement scalar or vector

A

Distance is a scalar quantity to show how much distance an object has travelled while displacement is a vector of how far an object is out of place

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8
Q

What is velocity

A

A speed in given direction it is also vector.

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9
Q

What is a force in terms of scalars or vectors

A

Force is a vector as it always acts in one direction

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10
Q

How do you work out speed

A

Speed=distance/time
Scalar as its showing no direction

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11
Q

How to work out velocity

A

Velocity=displacement/time
Vector

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12
Q

How to work out force

A

Force=mass x acceleration
Vector and is measured in (n)

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13
Q

What does a force do?

A

A force can make an object change shape,make it to start to move and make it slower or faster

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14
Q

Contact forces examples

A

Friction,air resistance,streching,tension

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15
Q

Non contact forces

A

Magnetic field,gravitational force,electrostatic force

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16
Q

Newtons third law

A

When two objects interact with eachother they exert equal and opposite forces on eachother.eg:standing on floor

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17
Q

Newtons second law

A

In order to make an object move from rest,the forces must be unequal.eg:pushing something

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18
Q

What is resultant force

A

A single force that represents the sum of forces that acts on a body

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19
Q

What is a moment

A

Turning effect of a force

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20
Q

How to get moment?

A

Moment,M=Force x perpendicular distance

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21
Q

What is the moment increased by

A

Increasing size of the force,using a spanner with a longer handle

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22
Q

What is a lever

A

A lever is a simple machine that makes work easier to do.for example scissors or opening a door

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23
Q

What do levers act as

A

As a force which multiplies which means they reduce the force needed to perform tasks

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24
Q

Moment for gears formula

A

Moment=turning force x gear radius

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25
Q

What happens when the output when it has lower speed

A

When the speed is lower it provides a higher turning force known as ‘low gear’.When it says high turning force it means gear is easier to turn

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26
Q

What happens when the output is at a high speed

A

When output is at a high speed it provides a low turning force effect/movement known as ‘high gear’.Also when it says low turning force it means opposite and its actually harder

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27
Q

What is the centre of gravity

A

the single point that its entire mass/weight is considered to be acting

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28
Q

Low density-high density

A

Float,sink

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29
Q

it is possible for a satellite to have a constant speed but a changing velocity

A

Yes as it could be changing direction therefore staying st the same speed but changing velocity.

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30
Q

Two forces of 15 N and 36 N are acting on a body. Calculate the possible
resultant forces and directions when the forces are acting:

A

36+15=51n

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31
Q

In opposite directions

A

36-15=21n

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32
Q

At a right angle

A

Square root 21^2+15^2=12 root 10=37.9°

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33
Q

Freely suspended

A

The object has gone back to its equilibrium position after the turning force has been taken.

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34
Q

What is mass

A

The amount of stuff in an object

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35
Q

List Some vector quantities

A

Force,velocity,displacement,acceleration,momentum

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36
Q

List some scalar

A

Speed,distance,mass,temperature,time

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37
Q

What is a contact force

A

A force in which when 2 objects are touching

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38
Q

What is a non contact force

A

A force that do not need to be touching for it to act

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39
Q

Effects of gravity

A

Makes things fall to ground,gives weight

40
Q

How to calculate weight

A

Weight=mass x gravitation field strength

41
Q

What happens when a force moves an object

A

When a force moves an object through a distance energy is transffered and work is done.

42
Q

What are the energy stores energy is transferred when work is done?

A

When energy is transferred to the kinetic energy store of the object because it starts to moving but some is also being transferred to thermal energy stores.

43
Q

How to calcukate work done

A

Work done=force times distance

44
Q

Gravity

A

All matter has a gravitational field and attracts all other matter

The larger the mass,the stronger the field the greater the attraction

45
Q

What is weight

A

The force exerted on a mass by the gravitational field in newtons

46
Q

Whats earths gravitational field strength

A

G=9.8

47
Q

Where does the weight of an object act

A

The centre of mass

48
Q

If connected to a gear with fewer teeth

A

The second gear will turn faster,with less force,lower turning force

49
Q

If connected to a gear with more teeth

A

Turns slower,more force,higher turning force

50
Q

Newtons first law

A

An object at rest remains at rest, or if in motion, remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force.

51
Q

What increases thinking distance

A

Speed,affected by reaction time,concentration,tiredness,distractions,influence of drugs/alcohol

52
Q

Conditions that increase braking distance

A

Speed,poor road conditions,bald tiess,worn brake pads,weight

53
Q

How to calculate stopping distance

A

Stopping distance=thinking+braking distances

54
Q

What is a force

A

A PUSH OR PULL, THAT ACTS ON AN OBJECT, DUE TO ITS INTERACTION WITH ANOTHER OBJECT

55
Q

What is centre of mass?

A

This is the point in an object where its mass is evenly distributed. It is the average position of all the mass in the object.

56
Q

How can we make an object stable?

A

An object will be nice and stable if it has low centre of gravity and wide base area

57
Q

If an objects line of gravity is out of its base area what happens.

A

When an objects line of gravity is out of its base area this causes it to topple over.

58
Q

Difference between centre of mass and gravity

A

The center of mass is about how mass is spread out; the center of gravity is about where weight acts due to gravity.

59
Q

Define inertia

A

Tendency of an object to continue in a state of rest or uniform motion.(same speed and direction).

60
Q

List the factors acting on a car at a steady speed

A

Gravity will be pulling the force down,air resistance will be working against the car,weight from the weight of the car,there will be thrust from the engine moving it forward and there will be a frictional force between the car and the road

61
Q

Definition of proportional

A

Proportional means that two quantities increase or decrease in a consistent, predictable way. If one quantity changes, the other changes in the same ratio.

62
Q

Definition of inversley proportional

A

Two quantites are inconsistent and as one increases the other decreases.As one changes the other changes in a different matter

63
Q

Define inertial mass

A

How difficult it is to change an objects velocity.Defined as the ratio over accelerwtion

64
Q

What is normal force

A

Normal force is the force exerted by a surface to support the weight of an object resting on it.

65
Q

How to calculate thinking distance

A

Reaction time x breaking distance

66
Q

How to calculate momentum

A

Mass x velocity

67
Q

SUVAT

A

S-Displacement(distance)
U-intial velocity
V-final velocity
A=acceleration
T-time

68
Q

What distance measurement is used when calculating a moment?

A

The perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force.

69
Q

How can a lever be used as a force multiplier?

A

If the distance between the effort and pivot is greater than the distance between the pivot and load, the force applied on the load is greater than the effort force. This is since the moment on both the effort and load must be the same.

70
Q

What is the line of action

A

the line of action is simply the direction along which a force acts on an object, and it helps us understand how that force will influence the object’s movement.

71
Q

How to calculate final velocity using time

A

V=U+(AxT)

72
Q

Modern cars can have six gears. Explain why this is necessary.

A

to adjust speed and torque for different driving conditions. Lower gears provide more torque, which is useful for acceleration and climbing, while higher gears allow the car to move at faster speeds with less fuel consumption.

73
Q

Explain why a bicycle can be thought of as a ‘distance multiplier’.

A

As a small force is put on the pedals which causes a large turning force within the wheels,moving the bike forward.

74
Q

Use the equation W = F × d to explain how each of the following works without
either of them contravening the principle of conservation of energy. force multipliers

A

In a force multiplier, the same amount of work is done, but a smaller force is applied over a larger distance. This results in a larger output force over a shorter distance, following the principle of conservation of energy.”

75
Q

Define conservation of energy

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can only change form

76
Q

How to calculate acceleration

A

Final velocity-initial divided by Time

77
Q

What is terminal velocity

A

When all forces are balanced so the speed becomes constant

78
Q

What is rhe use of gears

A

Gears are used to change the moment of a turning effect

79
Q

How do you increase speed using gears

A

Use a higher gear

80
Q

What does rhe gear ratio show

A

How many times one gear has to rotate for another gear to rotate

81
Q

How do you find centre of mass in a regular object

A

Draw all lines of symetry and find the point where all the lines meet

82
Q

How do you find centre of mass in an irregular object

A

1-suspend the irregular object freely in the air with a plum line connected to the same point.
2-Draw a line where the plum line passes at the centre of mass lies somewhere on this line,exactly below the point where the object is hung.
3-rotate object and draw another line where the plum line passes.The point where the two lines meet is the centre of mass

83
Q

What is the principle of moments and how is it worked out

A

This states that,for an object that is not turning:
The sum of all the clockwise moments about any point=the sum of all the anti clockwise moments sbout thay point

84
Q

How to calculate parrolelogram of forces

A

Step 1:work out scale
Step 2:copy out one force-the length needs to be drawn to scale
Step 3:measure the angle
Step 4:draw the next force
Step 5:set compass to the size of one of the forces
Step 6:place compass point at the end of the other force and draw a arc
Step 7:set your compass to the size of the other force
Step 8:place compass at the end of the other force and draw an arc
Step 9:draw the resultsnt force from which the two arcs cross.
Step 10:using a ruler measure diagnol force
Step 11:calculate size of the resultant force

85
Q

How do you find the vertical and horizontal components of a diagonal force?

A

Create a scale
Measure the angle of the line and then the line to scale
Draw a horizontal and vertical line meeting at the bottom of the arrow
Draw a dotted line horizontally and vertically from the end of the arrow,90°c to the horizontal and vertical lines
Measure how long each line is
Calculate the force of the horizontal and vertical componanrs using the scale

86
Q

Definition of friction

A

Friction is the force exerted by a surface as an object move across it

87
Q

How to calculate gear ratio

A

Number of teeth on the driven/number of teeth on the driver

88
Q

How can we work out the size of the frictional force to maintain equillibrium

A

First we can draw a geometric ‘scaled’ freebody diagram with our weight acting straightdown to ground.
• Draw the force acting normal to the slop and the force acting along side/ parallel to the slope to form parallelogram.
• Measuring FN and FH will give use theirmagnitude and we can also get their angle easilv.

89
Q

What is upthrust

A

A force that pushes something upwards

90
Q

How do you work out distance

A

Distance=velocity x time

91
Q

What is a scale diagram

A

A scale diagram is a drawing where distances and sizes are proportional to actual values, but reduced or enlarged by a specific ratio, or scale.

92
Q

How to get final velocity

A

V^2=u^2+2as

93
Q

What are non parralel forces

A

Non-parallel forces are forces that act at different angles to each other rather than in the same or directly opposite directions.

94
Q

How to calculate resultant force

A

Mass times acceleration
Resultant force is measured in newtons

95
Q

How to calculate friction

A

Friction=mass times acceleration

96
Q

Suvat distance

A

S=1/2(u+v)xtime

Physics And Chemistry 2024 Year 10 (3 decks)

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