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Physics Final > Physics Final > Flashcards

Physics Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Magnetic Moment

A

The orientation of the magnetic field for a single electron or proton

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1
Q

Velocity

A

How fast the energy of the wave moves from one point to another

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2
Q

Magnetic Domain

A

A group of atoms that all have their magnetic dipoles pointed in the same direction

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3
Q

Magnetic fields are strongest…

A

Near the poles

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4
Q

Magnetic Dipole

A

The small magnetic field around an entire atom

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5
Q

Resonance

A

The tendency of electromagnetic radiation to interact with substances that have a natural frequency similar to theirs

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6
Q

Amplitude

A

The max displacement of media from its equilibrium; strength of the wave, but not the energy

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7
Q

The electromagnetic wave formula

A
  • All electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light
  • If frequency goes up, wave length goes down
  • Energy is directly proportional to frequency
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8
Q

alternating current

A

oscillation of current back-and-forth
- At a frequency of 60 Hz each cycle last 1/60th second

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9
Q

friction

A
  • static electricity generally caused by electrification by friction
  • to minimize static humidity should be above 40%
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10
Q

nonmagnetic

A

all other materials that are unaffected by magnetic fields (wood, rubber)

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11
Q

diamagnetic

A

Materials that lightly repel a magnetic field (glass, water)

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12
Q

relationship between frequency and wavelength

A

and inversely proportional relationship
* frequency, increases wave length must decrease if velocity is constant

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13
Q

frequency

A

The number of cycles that pass a fixed point in a second
- Measured in hertz

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14
Q

electrical power

A

The rate at which electrical power is used
- Unit: watt

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15
Q

V=f~

A

velocity = frequency x wave length

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16
Q

induction only works with…

A

alternating current

17
Q

x-rays have what kind of nature?

A

dual nature
- They have qualities of both light photons and physical particles

18
Q

electrification by induction

A

A charge is induced in another object without touching it

19
Q

parallel circuit

A

each component is connected to the power source independently
- A failure of one component only breaks the circuit to that component, not the others

20
Q

series circuit

A

each component of the circuit is connected to each other
- A failure of one component breaks the circuit

21
Q

Transformers use induction to transform…

A
  • voltage
  • amperage
22
Q

ohms law

A

V = IR
V
I R

23
Q

The strength of the attraction/repulsion of polls follows…

A

The inverse square law

24
Q

3 ways to generate alternating current

A

1) move a conductor back and forth through a magnetic field
2) move a magnetic field back and forth near a conductor
3) alternate the strength of a magnetic field

25
Q

magnetic fields units of measurement

A

Gauss (G) - roughly the strength of earths magnetic field at the poles

Tesla (T) - equal to 10,000 Gauss
* typical strength of a medical MRI machine is 2T

26
Q

Coulomb

A

unit of electrical charge

27
Q

electrical current can only flow through certain materials…

A

conductors: electrical current flows in most conditions

Semiconductors: electrical current flows in certain conditions - temp, light, etc.

Insulators: no electrical current flow

28
Q

attenuation

A
  • The partial absorption of light or x-rays

Radiopaque: allowing very few x-rays to pass

Radiolucent: x-rays can pass easily

29
Q

hi energies behave like…

A

particles

30
Q

light vs. x-rays

A

reflection: light – yes; x-rays - no

Refraction: light – yes; x-rays – no

Dispersion: light – yes; x-rays – no

Absorption: yes (x-rays with low energy, x-rays, that interact with radiopaque objects)

transmission: yes (x-rays with high energy, x-rays, that do not interact with radiopaque objects)

31
Q

laws of electrostatics

A
  • like charges, repel, opposite charges attract
  • In solid objects only electrons move, free electrons only exist on the surface, free electrons concentrate near the point of greatest curvature
32
Q

electromagnetism

A

all moving electric charges develop magnetic fields

33
Q

paramagnetic

A

Materials that are only slightly attracted to magnetic fields

34
Q

current

A

The flow of loosely bound, outershell electrons
- Unit: the amp

35
Q

auto transformer

A

uses the concept of self induction to slightly change the voltage in a circuit

36
Q

electromotive force

A

The force created by any electric potential difference
- Unit: volt

37
Q

electrification by contact

A

occurs when a potential difference exists between two objects that touch each other

38
Q

wavelength

A

The distance between two like points on a wave (crest to crest)
- This constitutes 1 cycle
- measured in Angstroms
* x-ray: .1 - .5 A

39
Q

Ferromagnetic

A

Materials that allow their magnetic domains to be easily lined up in the same direction when subjected to a strong external magnetic field

40
Q

Resistance

A

How much force is preventing the electron from moving through a circuit

Affected by:
- Length of conductor
- Diameter of conductor
- Conducting material

41
Q

Retentivity

A

The ability of a magnet to hold on to its magnetism over time

Physics Final (1 decks)

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