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Physics > Physics Exam S2 February 2024 > Flashcards

Physics Exam S2 February 2024 Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when light hits a mirror?

A

It gets reflected.

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2
Q

How are angles measured?

A

From the normal to the ray,

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3
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. (i=r)

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4
Q

List the types of mirrors.

A

Plane (Flat)
Convex (Curved Outwards)
Concave (Curved Inwards)

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5
Q

What are some uses of plane mirrors?

A

Used in Vanity Mirrors
Used in periscopes in submarines
Used in kaleidoscopes to make shape patterns

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6
Q

What are some uses of concave mirrors?

A

Make objects appear larger
Used in dentist mirrors
Used in shaving mirrors

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7
Q

What are some uses of convex mirrors?

A

Used in rear mirrors. They make objects appear farther.
Used in space telescopes.

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8
Q

What are the three primary colours of light?

A

Red
Green
Blue

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9
Q

What are the three secondary colours of light?

A

Yellow (Red and Green)
Magenta (Blue and Red)
Cyan (Green and Blue)

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10
Q

What colours make up white (visible) light?

A

ROYGBIV

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11
Q

What colours are most and least refracted?

A

Most - violet
Least - Red

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12
Q

What is refraction?

A

When light changes speed when it passes from one material to another. Sometimes there is also a change in direction.

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13
Q

What is the normal?

A

A dashed line that is drawn 90 degrees to the surface of the object.

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14
Q

What is the angle of incidence? (i)

A

The angle measured between the incident ray and the normal.

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15
Q

What is the refracted ray?

A

The ray of light that comes out the other side of the object.

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16
Q

What is the angle of refraction (r)

A

The angle measured between the refracted ray and the normal.

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17
Q

What is the shape of a concave lens?

A

Thin in the middle, thick at the edges.

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18
Q

What is the shape of a convex lens?

A

Thick in the middle, thin at the edges.

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19
Q

What happens when light refracts through a concave lens?

A

Concave lenses cause light to spread out (diverge).

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20
Q

What happens when light refracts through a convex lens?

A

Convex lenses cause light to come to a focus (converge)

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21
Q

How does the thickness of the lens affect the refraction of the lens?

A

The thicker the lens, the greater the refraction so the more the light bends.

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22
Q

What are some uses of concave lenses?

A

Shortsighted glasses - to help you see far away

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23
Q

What are some uses of convex lenses?

A

Magnifying glass- used to make objects appear bigger
Microscope - magnify the object
Longsighted glasses - to help you see things up close

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24
Q

Light is a wave.

A

:)

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25
Q

What do waves transfer?

A

Energy

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26
Q

What are the 7 waves on the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Red Monkeys mnemonic

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27
Q

What happens to the wavelength when the frequency decreases?

A

The wavelength increases.

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28
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

300 million m/s. All waves on the spectrum travel at this speed.

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29
Q

What are some uses and hazards of Radio Waves?

A

Used for mobile phone and satellite communications.
No serious hazards.

30
Q

What are some uses and hazards of Microwaves?

A

Used for heating food.
Can cause mild heating effects.

31
Q

What are some uses and hazards of Infrared waves?

A

Thermal imaging and TV Remotes
Burns skin

32
Q

What can forces change?

A

The speed, shape and direction of an object.

33
Q

What are the different types of contact forces?

A

Push, Pull and Twist. (the bop-it forces)

34
Q

What are some examples of contact forces?

A

Opening a door, turning a tap, friction.

35
Q

What are some examples of non-contact forces?

A

Static electricity, gravity, magnetism.

36
Q

What device is used to measure forces?

A

A Newton meter.

37
Q

What is friction?

A

The force produced when two objects rub against each other.

38
Q

What effects does friction have on the motion of an object?

A

Friction always slows a moving object down. It acts in the opposite direction to an object’s motion.

39
Q

What is produced when objects rub against each other?

A

Heat energy.

40
Q

Where would friction be useful?

A

Your feet would slide when you move.
Car and bike brakes would not work.
Clothes would slip through pegs on a washing line.

41
Q

What are some ways to decrease friction?

A

Using a lubricant - e.g. oil in a car engine.
Streamlining an object’s shape - can also help with air resistance.

42
Q

Where would friction not be useful?

A

Moving parts in a car engine get too hot if friction is too high, stopping the engine.
The bike chain and gear wheels are affected by friction, making riding the bike harder.

43
Q

How is air resistance produced?

A

Air resistance occurs when air moves over an object. Fiction acts when the object collides with particles of air. The friction produced by the air is called air resistance/drag.

44
Q

How does the area of the parachute affect the time it takes to fall to the ground?

A

The greater the area of the parachute, the more time it takes to fall to the ground.

45
Q

What are balanced forces?

A

When the forces acting on an object are the same size but opposite in direction.

46
Q

What are unbalanced forces?

A

When the forces acting on an object are different sizes but opposite in direction.

47
Q

What is upthrust?

A

The upward force on an object provided by a liquid or gas.

48
Q

Why do objects float?

A

The upthrust balances the object’s weight.

49
Q

What is meant by the speed of an object?

A

The measure of how far it travels each second.

50
Q

What are the units for speed?

A

metres per second (m/s)

51
Q

What are electrons?

A

Electrons are tiny, negatively charged particles.

52
Q

What is static electicity?

A

It is when you have a build up of electrons on an object. Once they are on the object, they do not flow, (hence STATIC electricity)

53
Q

What is current and what are its units?

A

The flow of electrons in a circuit. Measured in Amps (A)

54
Q

Why do we use circuit diagrams rather than drawings or photos?

A

It is easier and quicker + you don’t need to be a skilled artist

The same symbols are used all over the world regardless of language

55
Q

What is voltage, and what are its units?

A

The energy given to the charges (electrons) in a circuit.
Measured in Volts (V)

55
Q

What is resistance, and what are its units?

A

The opposition to current flow in a circuit.
Measured in Ohms (Ω)

55
Q

What is the direction of current flow in a simple circuit?

A

Negative to positive (short line to longer line)

55
Q

What happens when a battery is the wrong way round in a circuit?

A

They push the electrons from both directions. This means the electrons cancel each other out, therefore current does not flow.

55
Q

What are conductors and insulators?

A

Conductors allow electrical current to flow through them.
Insulators do not.

56
Q

What are the causes of electrical hazards?

A

Danger of electrocution/fire.

56
Q

How does adding more bulbs in a circuit affect the brightness?

A

Series - It decreases
Parallel - It stays the same

57
Q

What are some advantages of a series circuit?

A

Cheaper then parallel circuits (less wire)
Easier to build

58
Q

What are some disadvantages of a series circuit?

A

When one component goes out, the others go out too.

59
Q

What device is used to measure current?

A

Ammeter

60
Q

What is the Circuit Rule for the current of a series?

A

The current is the same at all points.

61
Q

What is the Circuit Rule for the voltage of a series?

A

The voltages across the devices (bulbs) add up to give the battery voltage.

62
Q

What is the Circuit Rule for the current of a parallel?

A

The current passing through the battery splits up at each branch.

63
Q

What is the formula for calculating speed?

A

V=d/t

64
Q

What are some uses and hazards of light waves?

A

Seeing
Strong light can cause damage to vision

65
Q

What are some uses and hazards of UV waves?

A

Sunbeds + Security marking
Skin cancer

66
Q

What are some uses and hazards of X-rays?

A

Taking images of the skeleton
Can cause mutations in cells

67
Q

What are some uses and hazards of Gamma rays?

A

Treating cancer
Causing cancer

Physics (1 decks)

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