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Physics > Physics Energy Paper 1 > Flashcards

Physics Energy Paper 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is kinetic energy

A

Energy in a moving object

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2
Q

What is an energy system

A

A group of components that work together to produce, store and transfer energy

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3
Q

What happens to energy that can’t be created or destroyed

A

The energy from one store is carried along a pathway to another energy store

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4
Q

What is chemical energy

A

Energy stored in chemical bonds

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5
Q

Give an example of chemical energy

A

Food, fuel, electric batteries

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6
Q

Where is gravitational potential energy found

A

In objects raised above the earths surface

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7
Q

What is gravitational potential energy

A

Energy possessed by an object due to its change in position in a gravitational field

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8
Q

What is elastic potential energy

A

Energy stored due to applying force to deform an object

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9
Q

Where is elastic potential energy found

A

In stretched, compressed or twisted objects

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10
Q

What is thermal energy

A

Energy contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature

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11
Q

Where can you find thermal(internal) energy

A

In any heated object

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12
Q

What is magnetic energy

A

Energy created by the strength of a magnetic field

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13
Q

Where can you find magnetic energy

A

In any object with a magnetic field

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14
Q

Define a magnetic field

A

The area around a magnet where another magnet feels a force

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15
Q

What is electrostatic energy

A

The potential energy of a system of seperated electric charges

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16
Q

What is nuclear energy

A

Energy released from the nucleus of an atom

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17
Q

Name four force pathways

A

Mechanical, electrical, heating, radiation

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18
Q

How do you know if an object has elastic energy

A

Can return to their original shape and dimension

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19
Q

Why does thermal energy store in a system change

A

If it’s temperature changes

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20
Q

Define specific heat capacity

A

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by one degree

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21
Q

Define power

A

The rate at which energy is transferred

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22
Q

A stone and bowl of water are left out in the sun. Which one gets the hottest

A

The stone feels hotter because it has a lower heat capacity than the water so it doesn’t need as much energy to raise its temperature

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23
Q

What are the units for power

A

Watts

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24
Q

How does a blowtorch work, what is useful and wasted

A

Chemical energy transferred into thermal energy which is useful and light energy is wasted

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25
Q

What is an energy store

A

Is the way that energy is stored in or by objects

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26
Q

What is an energy pathway

A

The way energy is transferred from one store to another

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27
Q

When is work done

A

Work is done when a force makes an object or charge move

28
Q

What does the delta symbol show

A

change in

29
Q

How many kg are in 100g

A

0.1 kg

30
Q

What is the formula for kinetic energy

A

Ek= 0.5 x m x v^
mass x speed

31
Q

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy

A

Ep = m x g x h
mass x gravitational field strength x height in meters

32
Q

What is efficiency

A

How well something works

33
Q

What is the independent variable

A

Something I change deliberately

34
Q

What is the resolution

A

The smallest measurement you can make using the equipment

35
Q

What is a parallax error

A

Viewing angle affects results

36
Q

What is the formula for force applied

A

F = k x e
spring constant x extension

37
Q

Name ways energy moves around

A

Energy can be stored, transferred or dissipated

38
Q

What does dissipated mean

A

Wasted energy

39
Q

What is unwanted energy

A

Energy stores that aren’t useful

40
Q

What happens if a material has high thermal conductivity

A

The quicker heat is transferred through the material

41
Q

Name materials that have high thermal conductivity

A

Brick, concrete, wood and glass

42
Q

What materials are best for insulation

A

Materials with low thermal conductivity

43
Q

What is a closed system

A

A natural physical system that doesn’t allow transfer of matter in or out of the system except the transfer of energy

44
Q

What is thermal conductivity

A

The measure of a materials ability to transfer thermal energy

45
Q

Why can’t energy be created or destroyed

A

Total energy supplied to something must always equal to the total energy transferred by something as energy can’t be destroyed or created

46
Q

Why does trapped air reduce the rate of heat loss

A

The air has very low thermal conductivity and thermal energy can’t pass through it easily

47
Q

What is renewable energy

A

Energy source that can be replenished as it is used

48
Q

Why are fossil fuels more reliable

A

They produce a constant energy supply with no gaps in delivering energy

49
Q

Why is storing nuclear waste dangerous

A

Radioactive causing cells to mutate and radioactivity lasts for thousands of years

50
Q

What is biofuel

A

Made from plant matter

51
Q

How is energy created by wind

A

The turbines spin a generator to produce electric

52
Q

How does hydroelectric energy work

A

Falling water spins a turbine to produce electricity

53
Q

How is geothermal energy created

A

Hot rocks underground produce steam

54
Q

How do tides create energy

A

The rise and fall of the tide is used to turn a turbine

55
Q

How do waves create energy

A

The up and down movement of the waves turns turbines

56
Q

How does the sun create energy

A

Energy from the sun is converted into power

57
Q

What formula combines distance, work done and force

A

Work done= force x distance

58
Q

What is the formula for change in thermal energy

A

Change in thermal energy = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change

59
Q

What is the formula for efficiency

A

Efficiency = useful energy output ÷ total energy input

Efficiency = useful power output ÷ total power input

60
Q

What is the formula for power

A

Power = work done ÷ time taken
Power= energy transferred ÷ time taken

61
Q

Why does a bungee jumper slow down once thr cord begins to stretch

A

Kinetic energy decreases as its converted into elastic potential energy and kinetic energy is proportional to velocity so ad ke decreases do does velocity

62
Q

What is the law of conservation

A

Energy can’t be created or destroyed

63
Q

When a ball is kicked state any changes in the total energy of the ball

A

The total energy remains constant due to the conservation of energy

64
Q

How can efficiency of a system be increased

A

Reducing waste output by lubrication (also reduces friction in moving parts) or thermal insulation

Recycling waste output by recycling thermal waste energy as input energy

65
Q

How can efficiency of a radiator be improved

A

Install metal foil sheets behind the radiator to reflect heat back into the room

66
Q

What are two disadvantages of using renewable energy

A

Output determined by external factors such ad wind speed so supply is uncertain

Generating it through other means is often more efficient and cheaper

67
Q

What are some disadvantages of using biofuels

A

When plants are burned they produce CO2, need to destroy land to grow biofules, growing biofuels reduces land available for growing food

Physics (5 decks)

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