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Physics for RT > Physics Denise PP > Flashcards

Physics Denise PP Flashcards

1
Q

The motion of atoms and molecules is described as

A

kinetic energy

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2
Q

The two types of internal energy that all matter possesses are ___ energy and ___ energy.

A

potential; kinetic

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3
Q

Potential energy is energy of _____

A

position

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4
Q

Kinetic energy is energy of _____

A

motion

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5
Q

The 3 states of matter are:

A

solid, liquid and gas

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6
Q

Solids have more (potential/kinetic) energy

A

potential

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7
Q

Solids maintain their shape through what type of attractive forces?

A

Van der Waals forces of attration

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8
Q

What type of energy will cause a solid to change shape?

A

kinetic energy (through heat)

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9
Q

T/F Liquids can be compressed

A

False

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10
Q

Gas molecules have more (potential/kinetic) energy?

A

kinetic

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11
Q

T/F When unconfined, gas will expand indefinitely.

A

True

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12
Q

Gases have (weak/strong) attractive forces

A

weak

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13
Q

T/F All matter is in constant motion

A

True

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14
Q

Liquids have more (potential/kinetic) energy

A

potential

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15
Q

The parts of a thermometer are:

A

reservoir and capillary tube

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16
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed- it can be transformed

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17
Q

4 methods of heat transfer are:

A

conduction, convection, radiation, evaporation/condensation

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18
Q

How is heat transferred in conduction?

A

heat flows from the warm object to the cold object until it reaches equilibrium

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19
Q

How is heat transferred in convection?

A

through the mixing of fluid molecules at different temperatures via thermal currents

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20
Q

T/F Air is a good conductor of heat.

A

False

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21
Q

T/F Metals are good conductors of heat.

A

True

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22
Q

T/F Conduction and convection require direct contact between two substances.

A

True

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23
Q

Infant warmers use what method to transfer heat?

A

radiation

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24
Q

Increasing temperature weakens intermolecular forces through what mechanism of action?

A

by increasing molecular vibrations (kinetic energy)

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25
Q

What is melting point? (definition)

A

temperature at which solid becomes a liquid

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26
Q

What is latent heat of fusion? (definition)

A

the energy it takes to convert ice to water without changing the temperature of water (to go from melting point to water)

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27
Q

What is latent heat of vaporization? (definition)

A

the energy it takes to convert water to steam without increasing the temperature of steam (to go from boiling to steam)

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28
Q

The measure of an object’s ability to perform work is called _____

A

potential energy

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29
Q

T/F When an object cools, it gives up heat.

A

true

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30
Q

Does evaporation occur above or below boiling point?

A

below boiling point

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31
Q

Does vaporization occur above or below boiling point?

A

above

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32
Q

The boiling point of oxygen is (higher/lower) than room temperature

A

lower

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33
Q

In vaporization, liquid molecules have (higher/lower) energy levels?

A

higher

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34
Q

What is absolute humidity (definition)

A

the actual mass or content of water in a measured volume of air

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35
Q

What is relative humidity?

A

a ratio that compares the absolute humidity that is present to the gas’ capacity to hold water vapor

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36
Q

Variations in liquid pressure produce an upward supporting force called ____.

A

buoyancy

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37
Q

The temperature at which water vapor condenses back to its liquid form is called

A

dew point

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38
Q

What is the formula for measuring pressure?

A

Pressure = pounds / square inches

39
Q

What is the formula for measuring liquid pressure?

A

Liquid pressure = height x density

40
Q

What are the components of a mercury barometer?

A

scale (calibrated in centimeters and inches), evacuated glass tube, reservoir of mercury)

41
Q

What are the components of an aneroid barometer?

A

evacuated metal container, fulcrum, scale

42
Q

1 atm = ____ psi

A

14.7

43
Q

760 mmHg = ____ cmH2O

A

1034

44
Q

Attractive forces between like molecules is called _____

A

cohesion

45
Q

Attractive forces between unlike molecules is called ______

A

adhesion

46
Q

Force opposing fluid flow is called

A

viscosity

47
Q

T/F Viscosity is directly proportional to the adhesive forces between molecules

A

False. Viscosity is directly proportional to COHESIVE force

48
Q

The area of liquid gas interface is where you will find this force

A

surface tension

49
Q

Tension on the wall of a sphere is the product of pressure times the radius of the chamber describes whose law?

A

LaPlace

50
Q

What is the formula for LaPlace?

A

P= 4 ST/ r

51
Q

Pascal’s principal means that a liquid container’s shape will not affect the pressure at the bottom. Pressure of a liquid is determined by what?

A

height times density

52
Q

Capillary action is defined as ___

A

the upward movement of liquid into a narrow tube

53
Q

Capillary action occurs as result of the combined actions of ______ forces and surface tension.

A

adhesive forces

54
Q

Capillary action occurs as a result of the combined actions of adhesive forces and ____

A

surface tension

55
Q

The pressure that evaporated water particles exert on the surrounding gas molecules is called

A

water vapor pressure

56
Q

If the weight density of an object is less than 1 g/cm what will happen?

A

the object will displace a weight of water greater than its own weight and the upward buoyant force will overcome gravity (ie the object will float)

57
Q

The formula for determining buoyancy is:

A

Buoyancy = density x volume

58
Q

The buoyancy equation is used to measure what liquid property?

A

specific gravity

59
Q

The ideal molar volume of any gas at STP is _____

A

22.4 Liters per mole

60
Q

Gas pressure in a liquid is called

A

gas tension

61
Q

What type of forces oppose fluid flow?

A

frictional forces

62
Q

What is the equation for determining flow resistance?

A

Resistance = (P1-P2) /
flow
Resistance equals the pressure difference divided by the flow rate

63
Q

The difference in velocity among concentric layers of flow is called ____

A

shear rate

64
Q

T/F Surface pressure increases the pressure inside a liquid

A

true

65
Q

If the radius of a drop of liquid increases, does the pressure within the fluid increase or decrease?

A

decrease

66
Q

What is the clinical application for LaPlaces law which calculates the pressure inside a liquid bubble?

A

surfactant in alveoli creates liquid-gas interface. when radius of alveolus decreases, surface tension draws radius even smaller, increasing the pressure of gas inside the alveoli

67
Q

Velocity is a measure of what?

A

speed (distance per time)

68
Q

Flow is a measure of what?

A

volume per time

69
Q

What causes liquid to flow opposite of gravity?

A

capillary action

70
Q

Is heat required for evaporation?

A

YES! The energy for evaporation comes from either the water or the surrounding air

71
Q

What is the Bernoulli principal?

A

fluid passing through a tube that meets a constriction experiences a significant pressure drop

72
Q

Fluid that flows through a constriction increases its velocity- what happens to the lateral wall pressure?

A

it decreases

73
Q

T/F A venturi tube widens just before its nozzle.

A

False- it widens AFTER the jet or nozzle

74
Q

When the radius of the airway decreases by 1/2, the driving pressure (work of breathing) must increase by ____ to maintain the same flow rate

A

16 times

75
Q

The inverse relationship between work of breathing and radius of the airway is shown by what law?

A

Pouiseuille

76
Q

The density of oxygen is is ___ g/L

A

1.43

77
Q

The density of nitrogen is ___ g/L

A

1.25

78
Q

The formula for determining the density of a gas is?

A

molecular gram weight /

22.4 L (molar weight)

79
Q

The higher the temperature, the (more/less) soluble a gas will be

A

less soluble– higher kinetic energy makes gas leave a solution, not go into it

80
Q

What is the formula for Graham’s law?

A

1/square root of the gas’ gram molecular weight

81
Q

What is the molecular weight of oxygen?

A

32 grams

82
Q

What is the molecular weight of CO2?

A

44 grams

83
Q

T/F Water vapor pressure is not affected by the percentages of other gases.

A

True. (It acts equally on all gases in a mixture)

84
Q

Can pressure convert gas to a liquid?

A

Yes

85
Q

In laminar flow, velocity is fastest where?

A

in the center of the stream

86
Q

Do high flow rates increase or decrease resistance?

A

increase

87
Q

Lateral wall pressure drops when a fluid passes through a constriction and velocity increases. What explains this?

A

Energy can’t be lost or gained- so when velocity increased, lateral pressure decreased – energy was transferred.

88
Q

What are the two ways to increase entrainment of fluid?

A

increase jet diameter or increase the size of the entrainment port

89
Q

How is humidity measured?

A

water vapor pressure ( a measure of pressure and temperature), absolute humidity (actual weight/volume of water) and relative humidity (percentage of absolute humidity/saturated capacity)

90
Q

Describe relative humidity

A

how much water vapor a gas is holding compared to what it can hold (8 oz of water in a 16 oz cup can hold 50% more water)

91
Q

Does absolute humidity change when the temperature changes?

A

No. Absolute humidity is fixed (it is absolute- get it?)

92
Q

Does saturation capacity change when the temperature changes?

A

Yes- hot air holds more moisture than cold air

93
Q

Does relative humidity change with temperature?

A

Yes

94
Q

An increase in temperature will (increase/decrease) relative humidity?

A

Increase temperature decreases relative humidity
(4 oz water/6 oz container= 66% RH
4 oz water/8 oz container = 50% RH)

Physics for RT (1 decks)

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