Physics Definitions Flashcards
Note what is meant by the ‘Elastic Limit’ of a spring
The maximum load the spring can experience and still return to its original length when the deforming force is removed
Define strain and state it’s expression and unit
Strain is the ratio of the change in length of a specimen to its original length
It’s expression is ε
It does not have a unit
Define Young’s Modulus and state it’s expression and unit
Young Modulus is a measure of the stiffness of a material, it is the ratio of stress to strain within the limit of proportionality
It’s expression is E
It’s unit is Nm^-2 or Pa
State Hooke’s Law and it’s equation
The extension of a spring, x, is directly proportional to the force applied, F, provided the limit of proportionality is not reached/exceeded
F=kx
Define the term “Limit of Proportionality”
The point beyond which Hooke’s Law is no longer true when stretching a material
Define Stress and state it’s expression and unit
The applied force per unit area of cross section
It’s expression is σ
It’s unit is Nm^-2 or Pa
State Charles Law
For a fixed mass of gas at a constant pressure, the volume is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin
V/T=k
State Boyles’ Law
For a fixed mass at constant temperature, the volume is inversely proportional to the applied pressure.
pV=k
State the Pressure Law
For a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, the pressure is directly proportional to the temperature in Kelvin
P/T=k
Define Ultimate Tensile Strength
The maximum stretching force per unit area without the material breaking
Define Mole
The mole is the amount of substance which contains as many particles as there are in 0.012kg of carbon 12
Define microscopic
Small scale
Define Macroscopic
Large scale
Define Isothermal
Constant temperature
What is STP
Standard temperature and pressure, taken as 0 degrees Celsius and 1x10^5 Pa