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Physics Core Science > Physics Core > Flashcards

Physics Core Flashcards

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1
Q

the distance travelled by light in a year. Used to measure the distance of things in space

A

Light year

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2
Q

the whole of space and all the objects and energy in it

A

Universe

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3
Q

a group of millions of stars and planets

A

Galaxy

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4
Q

The galaxy we are in

A

Milky Way

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5
Q

A measure of the light emitted by a star compared to the Sun, taking into consideration how far away it is

A

Real brightness

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6
Q

How bright a star appears to be

A

Relative brightness

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7
Q

Makes it difficult to judge the brightness of stars

A

Light pollution

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8
Q

angle between two imaginary lines from two different observation points on Earth to an object such as a star or planet, used to measure the distance to that object

A

Parallax

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9
Q

explosion of a star at the end of its life

A

Supernova

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10
Q

the shift of lines in a spectrum towards the red(longer wavelength) end, due to the movement of a galaxy away from us.

A

Redshift

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11
Q

the theoretical beginning of the universe, when energy and matter expanded outwards from a point. Evidence for the theory is red shift and cosmic microwave radiation left over.

A

Big Bang Theory

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12
Q

slow movement of continents relative to each other. Theory was put forward by Wegener

A

Continental Drift

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13
Q

undersea mountain ranges formed by seafloor spreading and caused by the escape and solidification of magma where tectonic plates meet

A

Ocean Ridges

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14
Q

Wegener’s evidence for continental drift

A

same fossils on different continents, same rock types on different continents, continents fit together like a puzzle

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15
Q

Reasons why Wegener’s theory wasn’t accepted at the time.

A

Couldn’t detect it happening, no causal mechanism to explain it, he wasn’t respected as he wasn’t a geologist

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16
Q

Why Wegener’s theory was eventually accepted

A

Sea floor spreading. Magnetic stripes on the sea floor that are produced at Ocean Ridges when lava cools and is magnetised according to the polarity of the Earth’s magnetic field at the time.

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17
Q

Molten rock

A

Magma

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18
Q

surface layer of the earth, made up of tectonic plates

A

Crust

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19
Q

semi-liquid layer of the earth beneath the crust

A

Mantle

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20
Q

vibrations that pass through the earth following an earthquake

A

Seismic Waves

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21
Q

longitudinal waves following an earthhquake that can travel through the molten core of the earth; they can change direction at the boundary between different layers of the earth

A

P Waves

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22
Q

transverse shock waves following an earthquake that cannot travel through the molten core of the earth

A

S Waves

23
Q

an area on the earth’s surface where no earthquake waves can be detected because s- waves cannot pass through the earth’s core and p- waves are deflected at the inner/outer core boundary

A

Shadow Zone

24
Q

a wave such as a sound wave in which the disturbances are parallel to the direction of energy transfer. Push pull waves.

A

Longitudinal

25
Q

a wave in which the disturbances are at right angles to the direction of energy transfer

A

Transverse

26
Q

the maximum disturbance of a wave motion from its undisturbed position. The height of a wave

A

Amplitude

27
Q

distance between two successive wave peaks

A

Wavelength

28
Q

the number of waves passing a set point, or emitted by a source, per second

A

Frequency

29
Q

the speed of a wave is equal to its frequency multiplied by its wavelength

A

Wave equation

30
Q

energy transferred as electromagnetic waves

A

electromagnetic radiation

31
Q

radiation that passes through a material

A

transmitted

32
Q

to take in energy from electromagnetic radiation, this is transferred to the particles of the material

A

absorb

33
Q

electromagnetic waves ordered according to wavelength and frequency- ranging from radio waves to gamma rays

A

Electromagnetic Spectrum

34
Q

The order of the electromagnetic spectrum from long wavelength to short wavelength

A

Radiowaves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible Light, Ultraviolet, X-Rays, Gamma Rays

35
Q

a ‘packet’ of electromagnetic energy depending on the frequency of the electromagnetic wave

A

Photon

36
Q

electromagnetic radiation that has sufficient energy to ionise the material it is absorbed by

A

Ionising Radiation

37
Q

highest frequency electromagnetic radiation - most ionising

A

Gamma Rays

38
Q

electromagnetic radiation used in hospitals - slightly ionising

A

X-Rays

39
Q

electromagnetic wave similar to radio but of a higher intensity

A

Microwave

40
Q

gas found high in the atmosphere which absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun

A

Ozone

41
Q

the trapping of infra-red radiation by gases such as carbon dioxide and methane in the earth’s atmosphere

A

Greenhouse effect

42
Q

the way in which carbon atoms pass between organisms and the environment through processes including respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition and combustion

A

Carbon Cycle

43
Q

the process in living things where oxygen is used to release the energy in foods releasing carbon dioxide as a waste gas

A

Respiration

44
Q

process carried out by green plants in which sunlight, carbon dioxide and water are used to produce glucose and oxyen

A

Photosynthesis

45
Q

gradual increase in the earths surface average temperature

A

Global Warming

46
Q

equipment that can display data with continuous values

A

Analogue

47
Q

transmitted information that can take only a small number of discrete values usually just 1 and 0

A

Digital

48
Q

a measure of digital data consisting of 8 binary digits

A

Byte

49
Q

a source of energy before conversion to useful energy

A

Primary Energy Source

50
Q

fuel such as coal, oil or natural gas formed millions of years ago from dead plant and animal

A

Fossil Fuel

51
Q

fuel such as wood and ethanol obtained from living plants

A

Biofuel

52
Q

a more convenient form of energy such as electricity

A

Secondary Energy Source

53
Q

a gas such as carbon dioxide that reduces the amount of infra-red radiation escaping from earth into space. contributes to global warming

A

Greenhouse gas

Physics Core Science (1 decks)

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