physics circuits Flashcards
A property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in
an electric field. There are two types: positive (+) and negative (-).
Electric Charge
The flow of electric charge around a circuit. Measured in amperes (A) using an
ammeter.
current
The potential difference between two points in a circuit. It provides the
energy needed to push charges through the circuit. Measured in volts (V).
Voltage (V)
A measure of how much a material opposes the flow of current. Measured
in ohms (Ω).
Resistance (R)
A complete path through which electric current can flow.
full circuit
- A circuit in which components are connected one after another, so there is
only one path for the current to take.
Series Circuit
- A circuit where the components are connected across multiple paths,
allowing current to flow through different routes.
Parallel Circuit
A material that allows electric current to flow through it easily, such as metals
like copper.
Conductor
A material that does not allow electric current to flow through it easily, like
rubber, plastic, or wood.
insulator
Negatively charged particles that flow through conductors to create an electric
current.
Electrons -
The build-up of electric charge on the surface of an object, often caused
by friction between two different materials.
Static Electricity -
- A region around a charged object where it exerts a force on other charged
objects.
Electric Field
- The forces of attraction or repulsion between charged objects.
Electrostatic Forces
- The force that occurs when two surfaces rub against each other, which can
transfer electrons and cause static electricity.
Friction
- A safety process where excess electric charge is transferred to the
Earth to prevent electric shocks.
Earth (Grounding)
- A device that stores chemical energy and converts it to electrical energy in a circuit.
One or more cells connected together form a battery.
Cell -
- A collection of cells connected together to provide electrical energy.
Battery
A device used to measure electric current in a circuit.
Ammeter -
- A device used to measure the voltage across components in a circuit.
Voltmeter
A device that produces light when electric current passes through it. It converts
electrical energy into light and heat energy.
Lamp -
A fault in a circuit where electricity bypasses part of the circuit, often
causing a large current that can be dangerous.
Short Circuit -
