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Physics Vocabulary > Physics Chapters 5 and 6 > Flashcards

Physics Chapters 5 and 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

A doppler shift at 60 degrees is _________ what it would be at 0 degrees

A

One half

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2
Q

A change in doppler frequency caused by motion of a source or reflector defines

A

Doppler effect

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3
Q

A nonsteady flow with acceleration and deceleration over the cardiac cycle is called________

A

pulsatile flow

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4
Q

Continuous wave doppler shifts are detected within the ____________

A

Overlapped region of the transmitting and receiving beams

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5
Q

Determining the direction of the doppler shift voltages is accomplished by the ___________

A

Phase quadrateure detector

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6
Q

Doppler measurements are not reliable at doppler angles greater than

A

60

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7
Q

Doppler shift does not depend on the

A

flow direction

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8
Q

Echoes arrive from the sample volume depth at a rate equal to

A

the pulse repetition frequency

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9
Q

For a given flow, the greater the doppler angle, the_________ the doppler shift

A

less

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10
Q

Gases, nutrients and waste products are exchanged through the walls of__________

A

capillaries

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11
Q

If pressure differences in a straight vessel increase, the flow rate____

A

increases

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12
Q

Motion toward the transducer demonstrates

A

a positive doppler shift

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13
Q

Poise is a unit given for________

A

viscosity

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14
Q

Poiseuille’s equation states that, if the flow rate increases the

A

tube diameter has increased

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15
Q

Resistance to flow offered by a fluid in motion describes

A

viscosity

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16
Q

Sound reflects totally at the wall-blood boundary once the doppler angle is less than _________ degrees

A

30

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17
Q

Spectral broadening may be produced by

A

beam spreading in arrays

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18
Q

The doppler equation relates the doppler shift to the

A

flow speed and frequency

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19
Q

The amount of blood passing a point per unit of time defines

A

volumetric flow rate

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20
Q

The angle of incidence is not important with which doppler display?

A

power

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21
Q

The decreased pressure is regions of high flow speed is called

A

Bernoulli effect

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22
Q

The difference between the emitted frequency and the echo frequency returning from a moving scatter is called

A

Doppler shift

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23
Q

The fast fourier transform derives the Doppler__________

A

spectrum

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24
Q

The horizontal presentation in the spectral display represents

A

time

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25
Q

The resistance of the__________ accounts for about one half of the total resistance in the systemic circulation

A

arterioles

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26
Q

The volumetric flow rate is equal to __________

A

average flow rate across the vessel multiplied by the cross sectional area of the vessel

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27
Q

The width of the sample volume is determined by the

A

beam width and sample volume depth

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28
Q

Turbulent flow is a form of ___________ flow

A

nonlaminar

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29
Q

Variance color maps demonstrate a change of hues from

A

left to right

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30
Q

Vertical thickening of spectral tracing is called

A

spectral broadening

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31
Q

What advantage does spectral analysis have when compared to other doppler techniques?

A

Spectral analysis displays peak systolic velocities

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32
Q

What is required for flow to occur

A

pressure difference`

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33
Q

What is the driving force behind blood flow

A

Pressure

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34
Q

What type of blood flow demonstrates layers of fluid sliding over each other?

A

Laminar

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35
Q

Which flow type demonstrates a flow velocity that is essentially constant across the vessel

A

plug

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36
Q

Which matter is considered fluid

A

gases and liquids

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37
Q

Which of the following doppler displays cannot determine flow direction?

A

Power

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38
Q

Which of the following doppler techniques must be time shared?

A

Duplex imaging

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39
Q

Which of the following is an advantage of pulsed doppler

A

depth of sample volume can be accurately selected

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40
Q

Which of the following pulsed doppler techniques is most likely to demonstrate slow flow velocities in deep vessels?

A

power doppler

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41
Q

Which system control eliminates low-frequency doppler shifts?

A

wall filter

42
Q

Which type of blood flow demonstrates a chaotic flow pattern?

A

Turbulent

43
Q

Which type of blood flow would demonstrate the narrowest range of doppler shift frequencies?

A

plug

44
Q

With color-doppler imaging, the priority control__________

A

selects which gray-scale echo strength will demonstrate color

45
Q

_________describes the volumetric flow rate as a constant

A

Continuity rule

46
Q

An imaginary laser-thin transmitted ultrasound beam that can be thought of as producing excellent detail resolution throughout the image describes a ____________

A

virtual transmission beam

47
Q

Improvements in doppler operation with Principle 2 include all of the following except_________

A

prospective sample volume

48
Q

Principle 2 improvements in anatomic imaging include all of the following except____________

A

axial resolution

49
Q

The retrospective beam forming process occurs in the

A

image former

50
Q

Which of the following contributes to improved temporal resolution in Principle 2?

A

Fewer pulses and broad physical beams

51
Q

What type of blood flow demonstrates layers of fluid sliding over each other

A

laminar

52
Q

Resistance of the blood flow depends on the radius of the

A

tube to the fourth power

53
Q

If pressure difference in a straight vessel increase, the flow rate

A

increases

54
Q

Tiniest vessels in the human body

A

cappillaries

55
Q

The state of the downstream arterioles is reflected in the

A

arterial diastolic flow

56
Q

For a given flow, the greater the doppler angle, the less the

A

doppler shift

57
Q

The maximum normal flow speed in the circulation is

A

100 cm/s

58
Q

Variance color maps demonstrate a change of hues from

A

left to right

59
Q

Which system control eliminates low frequency doppler shifts

A

Wall filter

60
Q

The width of the sample volume is determined by the

A

beam width and sample volume depth

61
Q

The horizontal presentation in the spectral display represents

A

time

62
Q

Spectral broadening may be produced by

A

beam spreading arrays

63
Q

Continuous wave doppler shifts are detected within the

A

overlapped region of the transmitting and receiving beams

64
Q

The normal adult circulatory system contains _________ of blood

A

5 L

65
Q

In a stenosis flow speed increases and pressure

A

decreases

66
Q

The doppler shift is proportional to the

A

blood flow speed

67
Q

Volumetric flow rate is proportional to

A

flow resistance

68
Q

If the pressure difference between two points increases, the flow rate

A

also increases

69
Q

Blood flows from the left and right ventricles into the ___________ and ____________ respectively

A

aorta
pulmonary artery

70
Q

According to Poiseuille’s equation, if the radius of the tube increases, the flow rate

A

increases

71
Q

If the flow speed increases, the pressure

A

decreases

72
Q

Higher operating frequencies produce___________ doppler shits

A

larger

73
Q

If viscosity increases, flow rate

A

decreases

74
Q

Increased flow speed through a stenosis can cause

A

distal turbulence

75
Q

Multiple transmission focuses are used in

A

Principle 1

76
Q

What contributes to improved temporal resolution in principle 2

A

fewer pulses
broad physical beams

77
Q

The retrospective beam-forming process occurs in the

A

image former

78
Q

Physical ultrasound beam forming is required in

A

both principle 1 and principle 2

79
Q

Weakly focused or unfocused ultrasound beams are characteristic of

A

principle 2

80
Q

The characteristic of fluid that offers resistance to flow is called

A

viscosity

81
Q

Flow is a response to pressure_________or________________

A

difference
gradient

82
Q

If pressure difference is doubled, volumetric flow rate is

A

doubled

83
Q

if flow rate is doubled, volumetric flow rate is

A

halved

84
Q

Flow resistance in a vessel depends on

A

vessel length
vessel radius
blood viscosity

85
Q

If operating frequency is doubled, the doppler shift is

A

doubled

86
Q

If flow rated is doubled the doppler shift is

A

doubled

87
Q

Color doppler instruments use an ____________technique to yield doppler information in real time

A

autocorrelation

88
Q

In practice, approximately _____________ pulses are required to obtain one line of color-doppler information.

A

10

89
Q

Color map baselines are always represented by

A

black

90
Q

Doubling the width of a color window produces a _______________frame rate

A

halved

91
Q

Color doppler frame rates are ______________ gray scale rates

A

less than

92
Q

Doppler power imaging indicates(with color) the ________ of flow

A

presence

93
Q

Stenosis affects

A

spectral broadening

94
Q

Virtual beam forming applies to

A

Principle 2

95
Q

Multiple transmission focus control applies to

A

Principle 1

96
Q

Retrospective beam forming applies to

A

Principle 2

97
Q

Improving detail resolution sacrifices temporal resolution is true for

A

principle 1

98
Q

Simultaneous gray-scale, color-doppler, and spectral doppler applies to

A

Principle 2

99
Q

Principle 1 employs mostly

A

focused ultrasound beams

100
Q

Reception focus principle applies to

A

both principle 1 and principle 2

Physics Vocabulary (6 decks)

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