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Physics Additional Flashcards

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1
Q

DONE

A

✅

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2
Q

What are speed and velocity both?

A

How fast your going

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3
Q

What are speed and velocity both measured in?

A

M/s or km/h or mph

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4
Q

What is the difference between speed and velocity ?

A

Speed is how fast your going whereas velocity considers direction and speed

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5
Q

What does the gradient in distance time graphs tell you?

A

How fast the object is moving - this is because the gradient is she change in y over the change in x = change in distance over the change in time

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6
Q

Hay do flat sections of distance time graphs represent ?

A

Where the object is stationary

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7
Q

What does a straight line uphill or downhill mean on a distance time graph mean?

A

The object is moving at a steady speed

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8
Q

On a distance time graph, the steeper the gradient …

A

The faster the object is going

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9
Q

On a distance time graph, when a line is going downhill this means the object is ..

A

Travelling back towards its starting point

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10
Q

What do curves on a distance time graph mean?

A

The object is accelerating or de accelerating

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11
Q

What does a steepening line on a distance time graph mean ?

A

The object is speeding up

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12
Q

What does a decreasing gradient - levelling off curve mean on a distance time graph ?

A

The object is slowing down

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13
Q

How do you calculate the speed on a distance time graph ?

A

Speed = gradient so = vertical over horizontal

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14
Q

What is acceleration?

A

How quickly velocity is changing

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15
Q

What can a change velocity ?

A

Change in speed or change in direction or both

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16
Q

What is velocity measured in?

A

M/s squared

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17
Q

On a velocity time graph what does gradient mean?

A

Acceleration

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18
Q

On a velocity time graph what do flat sections represent ?

A

Steady speed

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19
Q

On a velocity time graph, the steeper the graph…

A

Te greater the acceleration or deacceration

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20
Q

What do uphill sections on a velocity time graph mean?

A

Acceleration

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21
Q

What do downhill sections on a velocity time graph mean?

A

De acceleration

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22
Q

How do you work out the distance travelled on a velocity time graph?

A

The area under the line

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23
Q

What does a curve mean on a velocity time graph ?

A

A change in acceleration

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24
Q

How do you work out acceleration from a velocity time graph?

A

Acceleration = gradient = vertical change divided by horizontal change

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25
Q

How do you find the velocity on a velocity time graph?

A

Reading the value from the velocity axis

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26
Q

What is gravitational force ?

A

The force of attraction between all masses

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27
Q

What gives everything weight?

A

Gravitational force

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28
Q
A
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29
Q

What is the gravitational pull on earth?

A

10n

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30
Q

What is mass?

A

The amount of stuff In an object for any given object this will have the same value anywhere in the universe

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31
Q

What is weight?

A

Caused by the pull of gravitational force in most questions the weight of an onject is just the force of gravity pulling the object to the centre of earth

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32
Q

Would the mass of an object change if it was on the moon or earth?

A

No an object has the same mass weather it’s on the moon or the earth

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33
Q

Would an object a weight be the same on the moon and earth?

A

No an object would weigh less on the moon than earth because the gravitational force is pulling it less

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34
Q

What is the gravitational pull on the moon?

A

1.6 n

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35
Q

How is weight measured?

A

Newtons -Using a spring balance or newton meter

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36
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

Kilograms

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37
Q

What is resultant force?

A

The overall force on a point or object

38
Q

What does a resultant force cause?

A

A change in velocity

39
Q

What does an object need to start moving ?

A

Force

40
Q

What would happen if the resultant force on an object was 0?

A

It would remain stationary

41
Q

What if there was no resultant force on a moving object?

A

It would continue to move at the same velocity

42
Q

What happens when 2 objects hit each other?

A

The forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite

43
Q

What does friction always do?

A

Slows things down

44
Q

Which direction does friction always act in?

A

The opposite direction to movement

45
Q

To travel at a steady speed what does the driving force need to do?

A

Balance out the frictional forces

46
Q

What are most resistive forces caused by?

A

Air resistance or drag

47
Q

What is the most important factor for reducing drag in fluids?

A

Keeping the shape of the object streamline

48
Q

What increases as the speed increases?

A

Drag or air resistance

49
Q

What is another word for drag?

A

Air resistance

50
Q

What do objects falling through fluids reach?

A

A terminal velocity

51
Q

What is terminal velocity ?

A

The maximum speed an object can move / fall

52
Q

What causes an object to reach its terminal velocity?

A

When objects first set off gravity = much more than the frictional force so they accelerate, speed increases causing friction to increase, this gradually reduces acceleration until eventually the frictional force is equal to the acceleration- it will have reached its maximum speed= terminal velocity

53
Q

What does the terminal velocity of falling objects depend on?

A

Their shape and area e.g parachute has a large surface area so lots of air resistance

54
Q

What factors effect stopping distance?

A

Speed of vehicle- faster = bigger braking force needed. Thinking time = e.g of your going faster you will go further in the few seconds whilst you think. Weather.

55
Q

How is stopping distance calculated?

A

The sum {adding} of the braking distance and the thinking distance

56
Q

Which 4 factors effect braking distance?

A

How fast your going, quality of brakes, quality of tyres, how good the grip is: depends on 3 things - road surface, weather conditions, tyres.

57
Q

What happens when a force moves an object through a distance ?

A

Energy is transferred and work is done

58
Q

How do you calculate work done?

A

Force multiplied by distance

59
Q

What is gravitational potential energy dependant on?

A

Height of an object

60
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Energy of movement

61
Q

How do you calculate kinetic energy ?

A

A half x mass x speed squared

62
Q

What does an objects kinetic energy depend on?

A

It’s mass and speed

63
Q

What is work done equivalent to?

A

Kinetic energy

64
Q

When an object falls what is its potential energy transferred into ?

A

Kinetic energy

65
Q

What is work to an elastic object stored as?

A

Elastic potential energy

66
Q

What is the extension of an object directly proportional to?

A

The force acting on it

67
Q

What does the spring constant of a spring depend on?

A

It’s material

68
Q

What does a spring reach when the amount of force you apply causes it to stop extending proportionally

A

It’s elastic limit

69
Q

What is power ?

A

The rate at which energy is transferred

70
Q

What is a powerful machine ?

A

One which transfers a large amount of energy in a short space of time

71
Q

How do you calculate power?

A

Work done or energy transferred divided by time taken

72
Q

What is power measured in?

A

Watts or joules per second. one watt = 1 joule of energy transferred per second

73
Q

How do you calculate momentum?

A

Mass x velocity

74
Q

How is momentum similar to velocity?

A

It has a value and direction

75
Q

Momentum ⭐️

A

…

76
Q

What causes a change in momentum?

A

When a force acts on the object

77
Q

The smaller the force acting on an object…

A

The longer it takes for a change in momentum

78
Q

Why are cars designed with safety features that slow people down over a longer time when they have a crash?

A

Because the longer it takes for a change in momentum, the smaller the force acting upon it

79
Q

What do brakes work against?

A

The kinetic energy of the car

80
Q

How do the brakes reduce the kinetic energy of a cat?

A

They transfer it into heat energy

81
Q

How do regenerative brakes work?

A

Instead of transforming the cars kinetic energy into heat, it is transformed into electricity which can charge the vehicles battery

82
Q

How do crumple zones within cars make crashes more safe?

A

The cars kinetic energy is transferred into other forms of energy as the car body changes shape, therefore they increase the impact Time decreasing the force produced by the change in momentum

83
Q

How do side impact bars on a car make crashes safer ?

A

Strong metal tubes fitted into car door panels they direct the kinetic energy of the crash away from the passengers to other areas such as the crumple zones

84
Q

How do seat belts make crashes more safe?

A

As they stretch they increase the time taken for the wearer to stop reducing the forces acting in the chest some of the kinetic energy of the wearer is absorbed by the seat belt stretching

85
Q

How do air bags make crashes more safe ?

A

Slow you down more gradually and prevent you from hitting hard surfaces within the car

86
Q

What determines how powerful cars are?

A

The size and design of the cars engine

87
Q

What kind of cars have the highest top speeds?

A

Ones with a more powerful engine as this means more energy can be transferred per second= more fuel = faster, and cars which are aerodynamic as there is less air resistance

88
Q

When do cars reach their top speed?

A

When the resistive force equals the driving force

89
Q

What was Rutherford’s idea of atomic structure ?

A

Plum pudding

90
Q

Alpha particles and plum pudding ⭐️

A

…

Physics (1 decks)

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