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Physics Additional 21st Century > Physics Additional > Flashcards

Physics Additional Flashcards

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1
Q

The rate of change of an object’s velocity or speed

A

Acceleration

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2
Q

An interaction between two objects that are not in contact

A

Action at a distance

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3
Q

The force exerted on an object by the air when it moves through it.

A

Air resistance

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4
Q

The least penetrating type of ionising radiation

A

Alpha radiation

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5
Q

An electric current that reverses in direction

A

Alternating Current

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6
Q

A meter that measures current

A

Ammeter

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7
Q

The unit of electric current

A

Ampere (Amp)

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8
Q

The distance moved by an object divided by the time taken for this to happen

A

Average speed

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9
Q

The low-level radiation, mostly from natural sources, that everyone is exposed to all the time.

A

Background radiation

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10
Q

One of the types of ionising radiation that is more penetrating than alpha but not as penetrating as gamma. A high speed electron

A

Beta radiation

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11
Q

A process in which the products of one nuclear reaction cause further nuclear reactions to happen so that more and more reactions occur.

A

Chain reaction

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12
Q

A device for changing the direction of the electric current through the coil of a motor every half turn. It consists of a ring divided into two halves with two contacts touching the two halves.

A

Commutator

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13
Q

The idea that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant, and never increases or decreases. So if something loses energy, one or more other things must have gained the same amount of energy

A

Conservation of energy

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14
Q

Having a radioactive material inside the body, or having it on skin or clothes.

A

Contamination

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15
Q

In a nuclear reactor, these absorb neutrons and are raised and lowered to control the rate of fission reactions.

A

Control rod

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16
Q

In a nuclear reactor, the liquid or gas that circulates through the core and transfers heat to the boiler.

A

Coolant

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17
Q

A force in the opposite direction to somethings motion

A

Counter force

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18
Q

Taking a power station out of service at the end of its lifetime, dismantling it and disposing of the waste safely.

A

Decommissioning

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19
Q

An electric current that stays in the same direction

A

Direct Current

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20
Q

A graph that shows the distance of an object from its starting point at each moment during its journey

A

Displacement-time graph

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21
Q

The force pushing something forward

A

Driving force

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22
Q

A closed loop of conductors connected between positive and negative terminals of a battery or power supply

A

Electric circuit

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23
Q

A flow of charges around a circuit

A

Current

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24
Q

A region where an electric charge experiences a force.

A

Electric field

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25
Q

The name of the process in which potential different is generated in a wire when it is in a changing magnetic field.

A

Electromagnetic induction

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26
Q

A tiny negatively charged particle which is part of an atom. They have negligible mass and one negative charge

A

Electron

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27
Q

A push or pull experienced by an object when it interacts with another. This is needed to change the motion of an object.

A

Force

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28
Q

The force exerted on an object due to the interaction between it and another object it is sliding over.

A

Friction

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29
Q

A container for nuclear fuel, which enables fuel to be inserted into and removed from a nuclear reactor

A

Fuel rod

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30
Q

The most penetrating type of ionising radiation produced by the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay.

A

Gamma radiation

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31
Q

A device that uses motion to generate electricity. It consists of a coil that rotates in a magnetic field

A

Generator

32
Q

The energy stored when an object is raised to a higher point

A

Gravitational Potential Energy

33
Q

The time taken for the amount of a radioactive substance to fall to half its original value

A

Half Life

34
Q

A category of nuclear waste that is highly radioactive and hot. Produced in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons processing

A

High Level Waste

35
Q

A way of connecting electric components that makes a branch or branches in the circuit so that charges can flow around more than one loop

A

In parallel

36
Q

A way of connecting electric components so that they are all in a single loop.

A

In series

37
Q

The speed of an object at a particular instant

A

Instantaneous speed

38
Q

Two forces that arise from the same interaction. They are equal in size and opposite in direction.

A

Interaction pair

39
Q

A category of nuclear waste that is generally short-lived but requires some shielding to protect living organisms for example contaminated materials that result from decommissioning a nuclear reactor.

A

Intermediate level waste

40
Q

Radiation with photons with enough energy to remove electrons from atoms.

A

Ionising Radiation

41
Q

Being exposed to radiation from an external source

A

Irradiation

42
Q

Atoms of the same element that have different mass numbers because they have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus

A

Isotope

43
Q

The energy that something has because of its motion

A

Kinetic energy

44
Q

An electric component whose resistance varies depending on the brightness of light falling on it.

A

Light Dependent Resistor

45
Q

A category of nuclear waste that contains small amounts of short lived radioactivity, for example paper, rags, tools, clothing and filters from hospitals and industry

A

Low Level Waste

46
Q

The region around a magnet, or a wire carrying an electric current, in which magnetic effects can be detected

A

Magnetic Field

47
Q

A property of any moving object equal to mass multiplied by velocity

A

Momentum

48
Q

A device that uses an electric current to produce continuous motion

A

Motor

49
Q

An uncharged particle found in the nucleus of atoms. It has a relative mass of 1

A

Neutron

50
Q

Radiation with photons that do not have enough energy to remove electrons from atoms

A

Non-ionising radiation

51
Q

The process used in nuclear power stations to break apart atoms when they absorb neutrons

A

Nuclear Fission

52
Q

The process in which two small nuclei combine to form a larger one releasing energy. This happens in stars

A

Nuclear Fusion

53
Q

The tiny central part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

A

Nucleus

54
Q

The result that the current through a resistor is proportional to the voltage if the temperature is constant.

A

Ohm’s Law

55
Q

Tiny packets of energy proportional to the frequency of the radiation

A

Photon

56
Q

The difference in potential energy between two components in an electric circuit. Measured in Volts

A

Potential Difference

57
Q

In an electric circuit, the rate at which work is done by the battery or power supply on the components. Equal to current x voltage

A

Power

58
Q

Tiny particle in the nucleus of atoms with a positive charge and a relative mass of 1

A

Proton

59
Q

A flow of energy from a source

A

Radiation

60
Q

A measure, in millisieverts, of the possible harm done to your body, which takes into account both the amount and type of radiation your have been exposed to.

A

Radiation dose

61
Q

Used to describe a material, atom or element that produces alpha, beta or gamma radiation

A

Radioactive

62
Q

Estimating the age of an object eg rocks by measuring its radioactivity

A

Radioactive dating

63
Q

Spontaneous change in an unstable element giving out alpha, beta or gamma radiation.

A

Radioactive decay

64
Q

Using radiation to treat a patient

A

Radiotherapy

65
Q

The force exerted by a hard surface on an object that presses on it.

A

Reaction of a surface

66
Q

This indicates how easy or difficult it is for electric charge to flow through a component in a circuit.

A

Resistance

67
Q

The sum of all the forces acting on an object when you take into account their direction

A

Resultant force

68
Q

The process of making something free from live bacteria and other microorganisms. Gamma radiation is used for this.

A

Sterilisation

69
Q

A fundamental force of nature that acts inside the nucleus of the atom

A

Strong Nuclear Force

70
Q

An electric circuit component whose resistance changes with temperature.

A

Thermistor

71
Q

An electrical device consisting of two coils of wire wound around an iron core. An alternating current in one coil causes a changing magnetic field that induces alternating current in the other. Used to step up and step down voltage.

A

Transformer

72
Q

The nucleus in radioactive isotopes are this.

A

Unstable

73
Q

The speed of an object in a given direction

A

Velocity

74
Q

A way of summarising the motion of an object by showing its velocity at every instant of its journey

A

Velocity-time graph

75
Q

This is marked on a battery or power supply and is a measure of the push it exerts on charges in a circuit.

A

Voltage

76
Q

An instrument for measuring the potential difference between two points in an electric circuit.

A

Voltmeter

77
Q

This is done whenever a force makes something move. It is equal to the amount of energy transferred.

A

Work

Physics Additional 21st Century (1 decks)

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