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SAT Subject Tests > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

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1
Q

What are two ways in which you can change acceleration?

A

Change speed

Change direction

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2
Q

What are the five SUVAT equations?

A 
s = 1/2 * (u+v) * t
s = ut + 1/2at^2
s = vt - 1/2at^2
v = u + at
v^2 = u^2 + 2as
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3
Q

How do you find displacement from a something-time graph?

A

Area of a velocity time graph is displacement

Integration is find area / reverse of differentiation - integrate velocity and you get displacement

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4
Q

What is Newton’s First Law or the Law of Inertia?

A

An object will continue in its state of motion unless compelled to change by a force impressed upon it.

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5
Q

What is Newton’s Second Law?

A

F = ma

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6
Q

What is Newton’s Third Law?

A

If object 1 exerts a force on object 2, then object 2 exerts a force back on object 1, equal in strength but in the opposite direction.

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7
Q

What is Newton’s Law of Gravitation?

A

F = (Gm1m2)/r^2

G = universal gravitational constant (6.67 x 10^-11)
m1 = mass of first body
m2 = mass of second body
r = distance between centre of mass of both bodies
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8
Q

What is static friction and kinetic friction?

A

Static Friction - the force you initially have to overcome to push something across the floor

Kinetic Friction - the force that slows an object down when it is moving

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9
Q

What is the equation for friction?

A

Coefficient of Friction * Magnitude of Normal Force

miu*R

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10
Q

What is the general equation to find the gravitational field strength of a specific planet?

A

g = G * M(planet) / r^2(planet)

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11
Q

What is work done? (equation)

A

Work Done = Force * Perpendicular Distance

or Work Done = F * d * cos(theta)

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12
Q

How do you work out the work done by a variable force?

eg work done or F(x) = -kx where k is a positive constant?

A

Work Done is area under line of Force by Distance graph

Work out area under the graph between the two distances

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13
Q

What is the work-energy theorem?

A

As work done and kinetic energy are both expressed in joules, then

work done = change in kinetic energy

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14
Q

What is an object’s mechanical energy equal to? (equation)

A

Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy

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15
Q

What is the conservation of mechanical energy?

A

Initial Mechanical Energy = Final Mechanical Energy

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16
Q

What is the equation for Power?

A

power = work / time

or power = force * velocity

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17
Q

How do you convert degrees celsius to kelvin?

A

Celsius + 273 = Kelvin

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18
Q

What equation connects the amount of heat (Q) and the resulting temperature change?

A

Q = mass * temperature change * c (intrinsic property called the specific heat)

If one material changes the temp of another, then Q1 = -Q2

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19
Q

What equation applies during any phase transition?

A

Q = mL

where L is the latent heat of transformation
and m is the mass

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20
Q

What are the three principles modes of which energy can be transferred?

A

Conduction, Convection, and Radiation

Conduction - vibration of particles
Convection - hot air rises and cold air sinks
Radiation - EM waves

21
Q

When a substance absorbs or gives off heat, what two things can happen?

A
  • Temperature of the substance change
    or
  • Substance can undergo a phase change
22
Q

What is the equation that links change in length of a material with change in temperature?

A

Change in Length = Coefficient of Linear Expansion (intrinsic) * Original Length * Change in Temperature

23
Q

What is the equation that links change in volume of a material with change in temperature?

A

Change in Volume = Coefficient of Volume Expansion (intrinsic) * Original Volume * Change in Temperature

24
Q

What is the equation for pressure?

A

Pressure (Pa) = Force / Area

25
Q

What is the Ideal Gas Law? (equation)

A

Pressure * Volume = n (number of moles of gas) * R (8.31) * Temperature

Temperature is in kelvins

26
Q

What is the average Kinetic energy of an ideal gas?

A

KE = 3/2 * Temperature (kelvins) * 1.38*10^-23

27
Q

What is the average velocity of an ideal gas?

A

Square root of [(3/Molar Mass) * R (8.31) * Temperature (kelvins)]

28
Q

What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?

A

If objects 1 and 2 are each in thermal equilibrium with object 3, then objects 1 and 2 are in thermal equilibrium with each other.

29
Q

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

A

Energy (in the form of heat) is neither created nor destroyed in any thermodynamic system

Change in Internal Energy of system = Heat Added to system - Work Done by system

30
Q

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

A

The total amount of disorder - the total entropy - of a system plus its surroundings will never decrease.
eg when water freezes, its entropy decreases (as the atoms are in a more fixed / organised state), but it releases heat, which increases the entropy of its surroundings

Another form is, heat flows from an object at higher temperature to an object at lower temperature, never the other way around

31
Q

What is the equation for work output per cycle?

A

Work Output per cycle = difference between heat energy drawn in and heat energy discarded

32
Q

What is the equation for efficiency?

A

Work Output per Cycle / Heat Energy Drawn In

33
Q

Equation for momentum

A

momentum = mass * velocity

34
Q

Equation for impulse

A

impulse = force * time
or
impulse = change in momentum

35
Q

What is the equation for centripetal acceleration?

A

centripetal acceleration = v^2 / r

v = velocity
r = radius
36
Q

How do you determine the frequency and time period of a pendulum?

A

f = 1/2pi * (g/L)^0.5

T = 2pi * (L/g)^0.5

37
Q

What are the equations for torque?

A

torque = Force * distance * sin theta

torque = lever arm * Force

38
Q

What is the equation for angular momentum?

A

Angular momentum = radius * mass * velocity

39
Q

What is the conservation of angular momentum?

A

If the torques on a body balance so that the net torque is zero, then the body’s angular momentum can’t change

Angular Momentum = Rotational Inertia * Angular Momentum

Example of this is ice skaters when they go into a ball, they reduce their rotational inertia. So they spin faster (ie their angular momentum increases)

40
Q

What is the equation for average angular velocity?

A

Angular Displacement / Change in Time

Change in Angle / Time

41
Q

What is the equation for average angular acceleration?

A

Change in average angular velocity / time

42
Q

What is Kepler’s First Law?

A

The orbit of each planet is an ellipse and the sun is at one focus

43
Q

What is Kepler’s Second Law?

A

An imaginary line from the sun to a moving planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time

44
Q

What is Kepler’s Third Law?

A

The ratio of the square of a planet’s period of revolution to the cube of its average distance from the sun is a constant that is the same for all planets

T^2 / a^3

where a is the length of the semi major axis of a planet’s orbit

45
Q

What is the equation for a spring’s elastic potential energy?

A

U = 1/2 kx^2

46
Q

What equation links time period and frequency?

A

T = 1/f

47
Q

How do you determine frequency and time period from the spring constant and mass of the block?

A

f = 1/2pi * (k/m)^0.5

T = 2pi * (m/k)^0.5

48
Q

How do you determine the frequency and time period of a pendulum?

A

f = 1/2pi * (g/L)^0.5

T = 2pi * (L/g)^0.5

49
Q

What is the equation for the electric force between two particles?

A

k *|q1 * q2| / r^2

SAT Subject Tests (1 decks)

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