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Physics Flashcards

1
Q

waves

A

motion of disturbance

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2
Q

mechanical eaves

A

include sound waves, require a medium

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3
Q

non-mechanical

A

travel thru a vacuum, light waves etc

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4
Q

pulse wave

A

singular traveling pulse

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5
Q

periodic wave

A

repeatedly generated

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6
Q

transverse

A

wave and particle motion perpendicular

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7
Q

crest

A

highest point above eq

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8
Q

trough

A

lowest point below eq

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9
Q

amplitude

A

max distance from eq (measured from eq to c or t)

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10
Q

longitudinal

A

wave and particle motion parallel like sound waves

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11
Q

how do waves transfer energy

A

Waves transfer energy by the vibration of
matter The energy moves while the particles
vibrate locally and the medium remains in
place.

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12
Q

rate of energy transfer

A

The rate of energy transfer depends on the
amplitude. The greater the amplitude the
more energy the wave carries in a given time
interval.

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13
Q

Wavelength

A

distance wave travels for one cycle

measure from cr to cr or tr to tr

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14
Q

high density/pressure

A

crest

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15
Q

low density/pressure

A

trough

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16
Q

period and frequency

A

The source of wave motion is a vibrating object
Period is the time it takes for one full wavelength to pass any given point
Frq is the number of wavelengths that pass a given point in second

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17
Q

speed

A

wavelength/time

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18
Q

Wave interference

A

is the phenomenon that occurs when two waves meet while traveling along the same medium.

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19
Q

Constructive interference

A

is a type of interference that occurs at any location along the medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the same direction.

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20
Q

Destructive interference

A

is a type of interference that occurs at any location along the medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the opposite direction (noise cancellation)

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21
Q

Reflection at a Boundary: (free end)

A

Now consider what would happen if the end of the rope were free to move. Instead of being securely attached to a lab pole, suppose it is attached to a ring that is loosely fit around the pole. Because the right end of the rope is no longer secured to the pole, the last particle of the rope will be able to move when a disturbance reaches it. This end of the rope is referred to as a free end.

22
Q

Reflection at a Boundary: (fixed end)

A

First consider an elastic rope stretched from end to end. One end will be securely attached to a pole on a lab bench while the other end will be held in the hand in order to introduce pulses into the medium. Because the right end of the rope is attached to a pole (which is attached to a lab bench) (which is attached to the floor that is attached to the building that is attached to the Earth), the last particle of the rope will be unable to move when a disturbance reaches it. This end of the rope is referred to as a fixed end.

23
Q

resonance

A

forced vibrations at the same
fr cause an increase in
amplitude

24
Q

standing waves

A

a vibration of a system in which some particular points remain fixed while others between them vibrate with the maximum amplitude.
causes:
· Reflections at Two Boundaries (at either end)
· Constructive/Destructive Interference

25
Q

nodes

A 
complete
destructive interference (ends of strings can't vibrate)
26
Q

antinodes

A

increased
amplitude midway
between adjacent nodes

27
Q

distance btwn nodes

A

half wavelength

28
Q

fundamental frequency

A

lowest frequency of standing wave

29
Q

Harmonics

A

: integral multiples of the fundamental

frequency.

30
Q

n

A

n is called the harmonic number and

is equal to 1, 2, 3 …

31
Q

closed both ends

A

v/2L

32
Q

open both ends

A

nv/2l

33
Q

open one end closed other

A

nv/4l ONLY ODD HARMONIC

34
Q

Timbre

A
  • sound quality due to the mixture of
    harmonics at varying intensities
    The first harmonic (fundamental frequency) determines overall pitch;
    other harmonics change timbre (overtones)
35
Q

beats

A

interference of waves of slightly different frequencies that result in a
sound that alternates between being loud and soft

36
Q

Number of Beats per Second =

A

Difference btwn the 2 Frequencies

37
Q

order of waves

A

radio, micro,

38
Q

order of light waves

A

radio, micro, infra, ultraviolet, x rays, gamma

frq increases, wl decreases

39
Q

visible light

A

btwn infra and UV

40
Q

what are microwaves used for

A

radar, atomic/molecular research, aircraft nav, microwave ovens

41
Q

infrared

A

thermal imaging, photography, pt

42
Q

gamma rays

A

exam thick material, radiation therapy treatment, food irradiation

43
Q

intensity

A

light bulbs are rated by light input and light output

44
Q

luminous flux

A

rate at which light emitted from source

45
Q

illuminance

A

luminous flux/area, decreases as u move from light source

light intensity

46
Q

pitch

A

perceived highness or lowness of sound

47
Q

variables affecting speed of sound

A

closeness of particles (solid, liquid, gas)

temp of particles (increase in t = increase in v)

48
Q

types of sound waves

A

infrasonic - under 20 Hz
audible (humans) btwen 20 and 20k
ultrasonic over 20k

49
Q

doppler effect

A

increase or decrease in frequency due to source moving

causes change in pitch

50
Q

sound intensity

A

amount of energy flowing per unit
perpendicular to the direction in which the sound waves are travelling.

power/area

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