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PHYSICS Flashcards

1
Q

Studies force and motion

A

Mechanics

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2
Q

studies light (mirrors and lenses)

A

Optics

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3
Q

Study of relationship of heat, mechanical energy and energy transfer

A

Thermodynamics

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4
Q

Study of electricity, magnetism, and electromagnetic fields

A

Nuclear physics

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5
Q

Seven fundamental quantities

A 
time (s)
length (m)
mass (kg)
temp (K)
electric current (A)
amount of substance (mol)
luminous intensity (cd)
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6
Q

If 2 vectors have the same direction, they are

A

parallel

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7
Q

If 2 vectors have the same magnitude in the same direction, they are

A

equal

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8
Q

If a vector is equal to the magnitude of the other but in opposite direction, they are

A

antiparallel

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9
Q

Newton’s laws of motion

A
  1. An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force
  2. F=ma
    If a net external force acts on a body, the body accelerates. The direction of acceleration is the same as the direction of the net force. The net force vector is equal to the mass of the body x acceleration of the body (F=ma)
  3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
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10
Q

Pythagorean theorem

A

x^2+y^2=z^2

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11
Q

Vector addition theta formula

A

0 = tan^-1 (Ay+By / Ax+Bx)

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12
Q

Types of forces

A

contact

noncontact

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13
Q

The force exerted by a surface to a body in contact which tends to oppose the motion of the object

The direction is always parallel to the surface and against the direction of the relative motion

A

Friction

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14
Q

Types of friction

A

Static friction force
Kinetic friction force
Spring force

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15
Q

Spring formula

A

F=kx

  • k is the spring constant
  • x is the displacement
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16
Q

Newton’s law of gravitation

A

Fg= G (m1m2/r)

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17
Q

What is the value of the gravity constant

A

6.67x10^11

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18
Q

Linear motion formulas

A

Vf = Vi +at

d = (Vf+Vi)/2 (t)

d = Vit+1/2at^2

V^2 = vi^2 + 2ad

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19
Q

A particle moving near the earth’s surface under the influence of its weight

A

Projectile

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20
Q

Remember - projectile motion equations

A 
v1x = (v1)cos0
a1x = 0
vx =(v1x)
x = (v1x)t
v1y = v1(sin0)
a1y=-g
vfy = v1y - gt
y = (v1x)t - 1/2 gt^2
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21
Q

Centripetal acceleration

A

a = v^2/r

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22
Q

Formula for kinetic energy

A

KE = 1/2 mv^2

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23
Q

We body moves a distance along a straight line while a constant force is applied

A

Work

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24
Q

The unit of work

A

Joules (Nm)

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25
Q

True or false

When force and displacement are perpendicular the force does no work

A

True

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26
Q

Work energy theorem

A

W = change in KE

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27
Q

The rate at which work is done

A

Power

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28
Q

Unit of power

A

Watt

p=w/t

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29
Q

Formula for impulse

A

I = Ft

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30
Q

Impulse momentum principle

A

The impulse acting on an object produces a change in momentum of the object that is equal in both magnitude and direction to the impulse

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31
Q

A brief force between two objects causes the object to move in opposite direction

A

Recoil

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32
Q

Perfectly inelastic collision

A

Stick together after collision

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33
Q

Elastic

A

Did not stick together

Energy is conserved

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34
Q

Partially inelastic

A

Did not stick together
Energy is lost
The total kinetic energy after the collision is less than that before the collision though the total momentum is conserved

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35
Q

Formula for momentum

A

p=mv

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36
Q

If the change in momentum of one body is exactly the negative of the other number then the change in the total momentum must be zero

A

True

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37
Q

Rules of conservation of momentum

A

The total momentum of an isolated system is constant or conserved

More generally if there are external forces but the vector sum of all external forces is zero the total momentum is constant

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38
Q

Formula for elastic collision

A

(m1a)(v1a) + (m1b)(v1b) = (m2a)(v2a) + (m2b)(v2b)

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39
Q

Formula for inelastic collision

A

(m1a)(v1a) + (m1b)(v1b) = (m1a+m1b) v2

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40
Q

Formula for stress

A

Stress = Force/Area

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41
Q

Formula for strain

A

Strain = deformation/length

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42
Q

Young’s modulus of elasticity

A

YME = [(F)(L)] / [(A)(deformation)]

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43
Q

Formula for density

44
Q

What is the densest material found on earth?

A

Osmium 922,500kg/m^3)

45
Q

The ratio of density of a substance to the density of water at 4 degrees celsius

A

Specific gravity

46
Q

Unit for pressure

47
Q

Types of waves

A

Transverse
Longitudinal
Periodic
Sinusoidial

48
Q

Periodic waves with simple harmonic motion

A

Sinusoidal wave

49
Q

The length 1 complete wave pattern

A

Wavelength

50
Q

Formula for wave speed

A

wave speed = (frequency)(wavelength)

frequency = 1/Time

51
Q

The result of two or more waves passing through the same region at the same time

A

Interference

52
Q

It is an interference phenomenon formed as a result of the perfectly timed interference of two waves passing through the same medium

A

Standing wave pattern

53
Q

A point that never moves during wave motion

54
Q

A point with maximum amplitude of motion between two nodes

55
Q

When an applied force varies with the same frequency as a normal mode frequency the amplitude of oscillation builds up. In normal-mode motion the every particle vibrates sinusoidally with the same frequency

56
Q

Sound travels ___ times faster in solid and ____ faster in liquid than in gas

57
Q

The simplest sound waves which have definite frequency amplitude and wavelength

A

Sinusoidal waves

58
Q

It is determined by the frequency of the sound

The quality that lets us determine if the sound is high or low

59
Q

It is the logarithmic intensity scale

A

Decibel scale

60
Q

A frequency shift caused by motion of a source of sound or listener relative to the air

When the source of sound in the listener are in motion relative to each other the frequency of the sound heard by the listener is not the same as the source of frequency

A

Doppler effect for sound

61
Q

The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence for all wavelengths and for any pair of materials

A

Law of reflection

62
Q

What is the other term for the law of refraction

A

Snell’s law

63
Q

Interference patterns when light passes through an aperture or around an edge

A

Diffraction

64
Q

If outgoing rays do not actually pass through the image point

A

Virtual image

65
Q

If outgoing rays do 6:00 pass through the image point

A

Real image

66
Q

Consists of charges in one motion from one region to another

A

Electric current

67
Q

Conducting path that forms a closed loop

A

Electric circuit

68
Q

Any motion of charge from one region to another

69
Q

These have resistance intermediate between those of metals and those of insulators

A

Semiconductors

70
Q

Ratio of potential difference or voltage to total current in ohms

A

Resistance

71
Q

The real content is a direct proportion and proportionality of voltage to current but can only be applied for constant r

A

Ohm’s law

72
Q

Formula of current for series connection

A

I = I¹= I² = I³

73
Q

Formula for current of parallel connections

A

I = I¹ + I² + I³

74
Q

Formula for potential difference of series connection

A

V = V¹ + V² + V³

75
Q

Formula for potential difference of parallel connections

A

V = V¹ = V² = V³

76
Q

Formula for resistance of series connection

A

R = R¹ + R² + R³

77
Q

Formula for resistance of parallel connection

A

R = 1/R¹ + 1/R² + 1/R³

78
Q

The quantitative description of hotness and coldness measured by a thermometer

A

Temperature

79
Q

Formula for converting fahrenheit to degrees

A

°F = 1.8 (°C) + 32

80
Q

Formula for converting fahrenheit to degrees

A

°F = 1.8 (°C) + 32

81
Q

Formula for converting degrees celsius to degrees fahrenheit

A

°C = 0.56 (°F - 32)

82
Q

Formula for converting Kelvin to degrees Celsius

A

K = °C + 273.15

83
Q

The state at which two bodies attain the same temperature

A

Thermal equilibrium

84
Q

How much force is needed to stop or turn a moving object

85
Q

Formula for momentum

86
Q

Types of friction

A
  1. static
  2. sliding
  3. rolling
  4. Fluid
87
Q

Gravitational energy due to the object’s position relative to the earth

A

Gravitational potential energy

88
Q

Affected by the objects amount of deformation and stiffness

A

Strain potential energy

89
Q

Formula for gravitational potential energy

90
Q

Formula for stiffness

A

K = stiffness/spring constant

91
Q

A brief force between two objects that causes the objects to move in opposite directions

92
Q

Formula for recoil

A

(m¹+m²)v¹ = (m¹v¹)+(m²v²)

93
Q

These waves do not need matter to transfer energy

is considered a transverse wave because it has similar characteristics and parts

A

Electromagnetic waves

Examples: radiation, microwaves, x ray

94
Q

A measure of how many waves go past the point in one second

95
Q

Formula for frequency

96
Q

A measure of how far the medium moves from the rest position

97
Q

The energy of a wave is proportional to the square of its amplitude

98
Q

The wave enters a new medium and its speed changes

A

Refraction

99
Q

The bending of waves around an object

the amount of bending depends on the size of the obstacle and the size of the waves

A

Diffraction

100
Q

The larger of cycle the smaller the wavelength the ________the diffraction

101
Q

The smaller the obstacle in the larger the wavelength

A

The larger than the fraction

102
Q

Measures how high or low the sound seems to be to a person

103
Q

How loud or soft a sound is

A

Loudness or amplitude

104
Q

How many decibels should be added to double the loudness of a sound

A

20 decibels

105
Q

Sound waves with frequencies above the normal human hearing range

A

Ultrasound

20 - 100 khz

106
Q

Sounds with frequency below the normal human range of hearing

A

Infrasound

20 to 200 hz

NMAT (1 decks)

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