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5230 > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

What holds molecules together in a solid

A

Vanderwaals forces

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2
Q

What is needed for a solid to go to a gas

A

Enough kinetic energy to break vanderwaals forces

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3
Q

Temperature vs heat (and units of measurement)

A 
Temperature
-Numerical ranking of hot or cold
-Unit of measurement: Kelvin or Celsius
Heat
-Energy that is transferred as a result of a temperature difference, flows from hotter to cooler
Unit of measurement: Joule
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4
Q

Critical temperature

A

Temp at which a gas must be at or below to be liquefied by pressure only

  • N2O: 97F (liquid at room temp under pressure/cylinder)
  • O2: -119C (all gas in cylinder)
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5
Q

Boiling point

A

Temp when vapor pressure of a liquid = atmospheric pressure

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6
Q

Specific heat

A

Amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1kg of a substance by 1 degree C

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7
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat between objects in direct contact with each other

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8
Q

Convection

A

Up and down movement of gasses and liquids caused by heat transfer

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9
Q

Radiation

A

Exchange of heat through electromagnetic waves

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10
Q

Evaporation

A

Dissipation of heat through skin and respiratory tract

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11
Q

Avagadro’s Law & Number

A

One mole of gas at standard temperature and pressure (0 C, 1 atm) occupies 22.4L
Number: 6.02 x 10^23
-Number of molecules in 1gm

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12
Q

Dalton’s Law

A

The total pressure in a mixture of gasses equals the sum of the pressure of each individual gas

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13
Q

Henry’s Law (and practical application)

A

The amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in the gas phase
-Helps calculate how much O2/CO2 is dissolved in the blood

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14
Q

Adiabatic explansion (and practical application)

A

Alteration in the state of gas without exchange of heat (change in temp due to change in pressure, not adding/removing heat or energy)

  • When a cylinder of compressed gas is opened to the anesthesia machine (closed space), the pressure and temp in the AM will rise rapidly
  • Could cause a fire: no grease/oil allowed on tanks
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15
Q

Woods metal

A

Soft metal: bismuth, lead, tin, cadmium

  • Valve stem safety device, allows cylinder to exhaust instead of explode under excessive heat/pressure
  • Melts at 200 degrees
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16
Q

Joule-Thompson Effect

A

When compressed gas escapes into space, adiabatic cooling occurs due to decrease in pressure
-Opposite of adiabatic expansion

17
Q

Graham’s Law

A

Diffusion is directly proportional to molecular weight

18
Q

Diffusion (what is required for it to happen, CO2/O2 diffusion, determinants of rate of diffusion)

A
  • Diffusion of gas between alveoli and blood requires a different in partial pressure
  • CO2 diffuses 20x faster than O2, even though it’s larger it’s more soluble
  • Determinant of rate: concentration gradient, electrochemical gradient, lipid solubility, size
19
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of solutes from area of high concentration to area of low concentration through a semipermeable membrane

20
Q

Fick’s law of diffusion

A

The diffusion rate of a gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure gradient, membrane area, and solubility of the gas in the membrane

21
Q

3 Anesthesia occurances that are explained by diffusion

A
  • N2O increases volume (or pressure) of gas occupying spaces in the body
  • Second gas effect (N2O is very soluble in the blood, speeds uptake of volatile agent with it)
  • Diffusion hypoxia: N2O is so soluble the alveoli fill up with it which dilutes the alveolar O2
22
Q

Law of Laplace

A

Cylinder shape: Tension = Pressure x radius
-Applies to heart
Sphere shape: ^ /2
-Applies to normal alveoli and those deficient in surfactant

23
Q

Surfactant (role, where it’s made)

A

Decreases surface tension, creates stable alveolar pressures because of increased concentration of surfactant in smaller alveoli (so smaller ones don’t collapse)
-Manufactured by type 2 alveolar cells

24
Q

Poiseuille’s Law

A

Flow = (pressure x pie x radius ^4) / (8 x length x viscosity)
Flow is directly proportional to the fourth power of the radius

25
Q

Resistance to flow equation

A

Resistance = pressure gradient / flow

-Inversely proportional to r^4

26
Q

Reynolds number

A

Predicts when flow through a tube changes from laminar to turbulent
= (velocity x density x diameter) / viscosity
>2000 = turbulent flow, at this point density determines the flow

27
Q

CO2 absorber equation (sodalime)

A

CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3
H2CO3 + NaOH -> Na2CO3 + H2O + energy/heat
Na2CO3 + Ca(OH)2 -> CaCO3 + NaOH

5230 (13 decks)

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