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GEAS (General Engineering and Applied Science) > Physics 4: Thermodynamics > Flashcards

Physics 4: Thermodynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

What law states that “If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.”

A

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

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2
Q

“Energy (in the form of heat) is neither created nor destroyed in any thermodynamic system.” This statement refers to which law of Thermodynamics?

A

First Law of Thermodynamics

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3
Q

This law states that heat is a form of energy.

A

First Law of Thermodynamics

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4
Q

This law states: Heat does not spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body.

A

Second Law of Thermodynamics

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5
Q

What law states: As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease, and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value.

A

Third Law of Thermodynamics

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6
Q

“The total amount of disorder the total entropy of a system plus its surroundings will never decrease.” This statement refers to which law of Thermodynamics

A

Second Law of Thermodynamics

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7
Q

It is the physics of heat and energy

A

Thermodynamics

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8
Q

It is the science that deals with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy.

A

Thermodynamics

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9
Q

Heat is not equal to Temperature

A

True (Heat is a form of energy)

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10
Q

The Latin word for Thermodynamics

A

Therme (Heat) and Dynamo (Power)

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11
Q

The word “thermodynamics” comes from the Greek words “therme” and “dynamics”, which means “heat” and “power”, respectively. This term was coined by the English physicist, _______

A

James Prescott Joule, in 1849.

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12
Q

In 1824, ___________, published the “Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire”, a discourse on heat, power and engine efficiency. Later, he became known as the “Father of Thermodynamics”

A

Nicolas Sadi Carnot

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13
Q

What are the Branches of Thermodynamics?

A

Classical Thermodynamics
Statistical Thermodynamics
Chemical Thermodynamics

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14
Q

It is the branch of thermodynamics that is concerned with thermodynamic states and properties (energy, work and heat) and with the laws of thermodynamics without the atomic interpretation.

This is the “macroscopic” approach of
thermodynamic analysis.

A

Classical Thermodynamics

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15
Q

It is the branch of thermodynamics that includes the atomic and molecular theories.

It is the “microscopic” approach of thermodynamics.

A

Statistical Thermodynamics

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16
Q

It refers to the hotness or coldness of a body

A

Temperature

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17
Q

It is a measure of the kinetic energy of the particles of a sample matter

A

Temperature

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18
Q

It is a measure of the ability of the matter to transfer or receive heat

A

Temperature

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19
Q

It is a property that is dependent on the substance’s energy content.

A

Temperature

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20
Q

What are the Temperature scales?

A

Celsius
Fahrenheit
Kelvin
Rankine

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21
Q

What are the absolute Temperatures?

A

Kelvin and Rankine

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22
Q

The standard Temperature scales

A

Kelvin

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23
Q

Also known as the Centigrade scale, this is perhaps the most widely accepted temperature scale used globally.

A

Celsius scale

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24
Q

In this scale, there are 100 degrees of separation between the boiling point and the freezing point of water, hence the word “centigrade”, which literally means “100 steps”.

A

Celsius Scale

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25
Q

The Celsius Temperature scale was named after the Swedish astronomer

A

Anders Celsius

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26
Q

It is another common scale used in some countries most notably in the United States. In this scale, there are 180 degrees of separation between the boiling point and the freezing point of water.

A

Fahrenheit scale

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27
Q

The Fahrenheit Scale was named after the German physicist, whom was the inventor of the first mercury thermometer that we now use today.

A

Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit

28
Q

This is the SI unit of temperature and of course, the most common unit of temperature adopted in the scientific community.

A

Kelvin Scale

29
Q

It is similar to the Celsius scale wherein there are 100 degrees of separation between the boiling point and the freezing point of water. However, the difference lies in the fact that the 0 reading of this scale is 273 units colder than its equivalent value in the Celsius scale.

A

Kelvin Scale

30
Q

Zero (0) Kelvin is called _______.
It is the lowest temperature that any matter can reach, or it is the temperature below which any other value has no physical significance.

A

Absolute Zero

31
Q

The Kelvin temperature scale was named after the British physicist named_______

A

Sir William Thomson or Lord Kelvin.

32
Q

This is the absolute scale equivalent of the Fahrenheit scale. This is also similar to the Fahrenheit scale wherein there are 180 degrees of separation between the boiling point and the freezing point of water.

A

Rankine Scale

33
Q

Rankine Scale was named after _______

A

William John Rankine

34
Q

It is the transfer of energy across the boundary of a system due to a temperature difference

A

Heat

35
Q

As temperature increases, dimensions of objects and substances increase

A

Thermal Expansion

36
Q

What are the two types of Thermal Expansion?

A

Linear Expansion and Volume Expansion

37
Q

It is the change in length per degree of temperature change.

A

Linear Expansion

38
Q

It is the change in volume per degree of temperature change.

A

Volume Expansion

39
Q

What are the common units of heat?

A

Calorie
Joule
BTU

40
Q

What does BTU mean?

A

British Thermal Unit

41
Q

How many Joules are there in 1 Calorie?

A

4.186 J

42
Q

How many Joules are there in 1 BTU?

A

1054 J

43
Q

It is the “proportionality constant” between the heat that the object absorbs or loses and the resulting change in temperature?

A

Heat Capacity

44
Q

The amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. Another term for this unit is called Thermal Capacity.

A

Heat Capacity

45
Q

It is the heat capacity per unit mass, and it is a measure of how thermally sensitive or insensitive a substance is the addition of energy

A

Specific Heat Capacity

46
Q

The ratio of the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one unit of temperature to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a similar mass of a reference material

A

Specific Heat Capacity

47
Q

When heat is transferred to a system, that amount of energy lost by the hotter object is the same amount of energy gained by the object. Hence, no energy is lost to the surroundings.

A

Conservation of energy

48
Q

When the work is done “on” the system, the internal energy is in ________

A

Compression (+)

49
Q

When the work is done “by” the system, the internal energy is in _______

A

Expansion (-)

50
Q

It is the amount of energy transfer needed to change the “temperature” of the system without changing the phase

A

Sensible Heat

51
Q

It is the amount of energy transfer needed to change the “phase” of the system without changing the temperature,

A

Latent Heat

52
Q

What process is called from Solid to Liquid?

A

Melting

53
Q

Liquid to Gas?

A

Vaporization

54
Q

Gas to Solid?

A

Deposition

55
Q

Solid to Gas?

A

Sublimation

56
Q

Gas to Liquid

A

Condensation

57
Q

Liquid to Solid?

A

Freezing

58
Q

The amount of energy needed to change a given mass of ice water at constant temperature is called _______

A

Heat of Fusion

59
Q

Heat of fusion is also called _______

A

Enthalpy of fusion

60
Q

It is a quantity of energy needed to melt or freeze a substance under conditions of constant pressure.

A

Heat of Fusion

61
Q

It is a quantity of energy needed to melt or freeze a substance under conditions of constant pressure.

A

Heat of Fusion

62
Q

The amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. Another term for this unit is called Thermal Capacity.

A

Heat Capacity

63
Q

The amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. Another term for this unit is called Thermal Capacity.

A

Heat Capacity

64
Q

The amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. Another term for this unit is called Thermal Capacity.

A

Heat Capacity

65
Q

The amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. Another term for this unit is called Thermal Capacity.

A

Heat Capacity

GEAS (General Engineering and Applied Science) (1 decks)

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