Physics 4: Thermodynamics Flashcards
What law states that “If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.”
Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
“Energy (in the form of heat) is neither created nor destroyed in any thermodynamic system.” This statement refers to which law of Thermodynamics?
First Law of Thermodynamics
This law states that heat is a form of energy.
First Law of Thermodynamics
This law states: Heat does not spontaneously flow from a colder body to a hotter body.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
What law states: As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease, and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value.
Third Law of Thermodynamics
“The total amount of disorder the total entropy of a system plus its surroundings will never decrease.” This statement refers to which law of Thermodynamics
Second Law of Thermodynamics
It is the physics of heat and energy
Thermodynamics
It is the science that deals with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy.
Thermodynamics
Heat is not equal to Temperature
True (Heat is a form of energy)
The Latin word for Thermodynamics
Therme (Heat) and Dynamo (Power)
The word “thermodynamics” comes from the Greek words “therme” and “dynamics”, which means “heat” and “power”, respectively. This term was coined by the English physicist, _______
James Prescott Joule, in 1849.
In 1824, ___________, published the “Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire”, a discourse on heat, power and engine efficiency. Later, he became known as the “Father of Thermodynamics”
Nicolas Sadi Carnot
What are the Branches of Thermodynamics?
Classical Thermodynamics
Statistical Thermodynamics
Chemical Thermodynamics
It is the branch of thermodynamics that is concerned with thermodynamic states and properties (energy, work and heat) and with the laws of thermodynamics without the atomic interpretation.
This is the “macroscopic” approach of
thermodynamic analysis.
Classical Thermodynamics
It is the branch of thermodynamics that includes the atomic and molecular theories.
It is the “microscopic” approach of thermodynamics.
Statistical Thermodynamics
It refers to the hotness or coldness of a body
Temperature
It is a measure of the kinetic energy of the particles of a sample matter
Temperature
It is a measure of the ability of the matter to transfer or receive heat
Temperature
It is a property that is dependent on the substance’s energy content.
Temperature
What are the Temperature scales?
Celsius
Fahrenheit
Kelvin
Rankine
What are the absolute Temperatures?
Kelvin and Rankine
The standard Temperature scales
Kelvin
Also known as the Centigrade scale, this is perhaps the most widely accepted temperature scale used globally.
Celsius scale
In this scale, there are 100 degrees of separation between the boiling point and the freezing point of water, hence the word “centigrade”, which literally means “100 steps”.
Celsius Scale
The Celsius Temperature scale was named after the Swedish astronomer
Anders Celsius
It is another common scale used in some countries most notably in the United States. In this scale, there are 180 degrees of separation between the boiling point and the freezing point of water.
Fahrenheit scale
The Fahrenheit Scale was named after the German physicist, whom was the inventor of the first mercury thermometer that we now use today.
Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit
This is the SI unit of temperature and of course, the most common unit of temperature adopted in the scientific community.
Kelvin Scale
It is similar to the Celsius scale wherein there are 100 degrees of separation between the boiling point and the freezing point of water. However, the difference lies in the fact that the 0 reading of this scale is 273 units colder than its equivalent value in the Celsius scale.
Kelvin Scale
Zero (0) Kelvin is called _______.
It is the lowest temperature that any matter can reach, or it is the temperature below which any other value has no physical significance.
Absolute Zero
The Kelvin temperature scale was named after the British physicist named_______
Sir William Thomson or Lord Kelvin.
This is the absolute scale equivalent of the Fahrenheit scale. This is also similar to the Fahrenheit scale wherein there are 180 degrees of separation between the boiling point and the freezing point of water.
Rankine Scale
Rankine Scale was named after _______
William John Rankine
It is the transfer of energy across the boundary of a system due to a temperature difference
Heat
As temperature increases, dimensions of objects and substances increase
Thermal Expansion
What are the two types of Thermal Expansion?
Linear Expansion and Volume Expansion
It is the change in length per degree of temperature change.
Linear Expansion
It is the change in volume per degree of temperature change.
Volume Expansion
What are the common units of heat?
Calorie
Joule
BTU
What does BTU mean?
British Thermal Unit
How many Joules are there in 1 Calorie?
4.186 J
How many Joules are there in 1 BTU?
1054 J
It is the “proportionality constant” between the heat that the object absorbs or loses and the resulting change in temperature?
Heat Capacity
The amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. Another term for this unit is called Thermal Capacity.
Heat Capacity
It is the heat capacity per unit mass, and it is a measure of how thermally sensitive or insensitive a substance is the addition of energy
Specific Heat Capacity
The ratio of the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one unit of temperature to the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a similar mass of a reference material
Specific Heat Capacity
When heat is transferred to a system, that amount of energy lost by the hotter object is the same amount of energy gained by the object. Hence, no energy is lost to the surroundings.
Conservation of energy
When the work is done “on” the system, the internal energy is in ________
Compression (+)
When the work is done “by” the system, the internal energy is in _______
Expansion (-)
It is the amount of energy transfer needed to change the “temperature” of the system without changing the phase
Sensible Heat
It is the amount of energy transfer needed to change the “phase” of the system without changing the temperature,
Latent Heat
What process is called from Solid to Liquid?
Melting
Liquid to Gas?
Vaporization
Gas to Solid?
Deposition
Solid to Gas?
Sublimation
Gas to Liquid
Condensation
Liquid to Solid?
Freezing
The amount of energy needed to change a given mass of ice water at constant temperature is called _______
Heat of Fusion
Heat of fusion is also called _______
Enthalpy of fusion
It is a quantity of energy needed to melt or freeze a substance under conditions of constant pressure.
Heat of Fusion
It is a quantity of energy needed to melt or freeze a substance under conditions of constant pressure.
Heat of Fusion
The amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. Another term for this unit is called Thermal Capacity.
Heat Capacity
The amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. Another term for this unit is called Thermal Capacity.
Heat Capacity
The amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. Another term for this unit is called Thermal Capacity.
Heat Capacity
The amount of heat to be supplied to an object to produce a unit change in its temperature. Another term for this unit is called Thermal Capacity.
Heat Capacity
