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Physics Final Review > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

1
Q

List the 7 areas of physics and what they study.

A
  1. Mechanics: motion and its causes, interaction between objects
  2. Thermodynamics: heat and temperature
  3. Vibrarions and wave phenomena: types of repetive motion.
  4. Optics: light
  5. Electromagnetism: electricity, magnetism, light
  6. Relativity: particles moving at a any speed
  7. Quatum Mechanics: behavior of subatomic particles
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2
Q

What is accuracy and precision?

A

Accuracy: how close a measuremnt is to the correct value.
Precison: exacteness of a measurement.

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3
Q

What is displacement and distance traveled?

A

displacement: the change in position of an object.

distance traveled: how much do you move.

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4
Q

What is velocity and speed?

A

speed: has no direction only magnitude
velocity: has direction and numerical value

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5
Q

What is force?

A

action exerted on an object that changes the object’s state of rest or motion.

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6
Q

What is contact and field force?

A

contact: result of physical contact between two objects.
field: do not involve physical contact.

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7
Q

Describe each type of force.

A
  1. Applied: force applied to an object by another object or person.
  2. Normal: force exerted upon an object that is in contact with another.
  3. Tension: transmittes through a rope, cable, forces acting in the ends.
  4. Spring: by a compressed or streched string upon an obejct attached.
  5. Gravity: massively object attracts another objects.
  6. Friction: by a surface as an object moves across it.
  7. Air resistance: frictional force acts upon objects as they move in air.
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8
Q

Newton’s 3 laws of motion.

A
  1. Obejcts at rest remain anpt rest, objects moving at a constant belocity continue at constant velocity, unless a net force is applied.
  2. Force is proportional to mass and acceleration, acceleration is directly/inversely to mass proportional to the net force.
  3. For each action there is a equal and opposite reaction.
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9
Q

What is work?

A

the product of the component of a force along the direction of displacement and the magnitude of the displacement.

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10
Q

What is potential and kinetic energy?

A

kinetic: is associated with motion.
potential: is the position, shape and condition.

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11
Q

What is power?

A

quantity that measures the rate at which work is done or enrgy transformed.

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12
Q

What is momentum and impulse?

A

Momentum: the product of mass and velocity of an object.
Impulse: product of force and time over force.

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13
Q

What is a perfectly inelastic collision and a perfectly elastic collision?

A

Inelastic: collision in which two objects stick together after colliding, kinetic energy is not conserved but momentum is.
Elastic: collison in which the total momentum and kinetic energy are conserved, after the collision they move separetly.

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14
Q

What is Pascal’s priciple?

A

Pressure aplied to a fluid in a closed container is transmitted equally to every point of the fluid and to the walls of the container.

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15
Q

What is a fluid?

A

magnitude of the force on a surface per unit area

Liquid and gas

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16
Q

How do you determine if an object will sink or float in a fluid.
in terms of density

A

if density is bigger it will float and if it smaller it will sink.

17
Q

What is buoyant force?

A

upward force exerted by a liquid on an object immersed in or floating on the liquid.

18
Q

How can you determine if an object will sink or float in a certain fluid? based on buoyant force.

A

if bouyant force is bigger or smaller to the object/weight

19
Q

What is temperature?

A

measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. if it’s hotter the particles will have more energy nad travel fast

20
Q

3 temperature scales.

A

Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin.

21
Q

What is thermal equilibrium?

A

state in which 2 bodies in physical contact.

22
Q

What is heat?

A

the energy transferred between objects beacuse of a difference in their temperatures.

23
Q

How is heat transferred?

A

as heat from objects with higher temperatures to the ones with lower temperatures.

24
Q

What is phase change?

A

physical change of a substance from one state (solid, liquid, or gas) to another at constant temperature and pressures.

25
Q

What is latent heat?

A

energy per unit mass that is transferred during a phase change of a substance.

26
Q

6 phase changes of water.

A 
solid-liquid: melting
liquid-gas: evaporation
gas-liquid: condensation 
solid-gas: sublimination
liquid-solid: deposition
gas-solid: freezing
27
Q

What is medium?

A

physical envoronment through which a disturbance can travel

28
Q

What is wavelength?

A

distance between 2 crests or 2 through

29
Q

What is crest?

A

the highest point

30
Q

What is through?

A

the lowest point

31
Q

What is amplitude?

A

distance between e.p and crest lr e.p and through.

32
Q

What is a constructive and destructive interference?

A

constructive: superposition of waves in which individual displacements on the same side of the equilibrium position are added together to form the resultant wave.
destructive: blablabla opposite.

33
Q

What is pitch?

A

how high or los sound is perceived with a change in frequency.

34
Q

What is the doppler efect?

A

the apparent change in the frequency of a wave caused by relative motion between the source of the wave and the observer.

35
Q

What is conductors, insulator, semiconductors, superconductors?

A

conductors: material in which charge can move freely.
insulator: material in which charge can’t move freely.
semiconductors: properties between conductors and insulators.
superconductors: conducts electricity indefinetly without heating.

36
Q

What is charging by contact, induction, polarization?

A

Charging by contact: 2 objects become charged when they are rubbed together.
Induction: motion of negative charges on the sphere causes to become uniformly,distributed over the outside surface of the ungrounde sphere.
Polarization: when there is a charged object, centers may shift slightly, resulting move + charge on one side than in the other.

37
Q

What is electric force?

A

2 charged objects near one another might experience acceleration forward or awy feom each other.

38
Q

What is a electric field?

A

region where on electric force on a test charge can be detected.

39
Q

What is electric current and resistance?

A

electrict current: rate at which charges move through a given area.
resistance: the opposition presented to electric current by a material.

Physics Final Review (1 decks)

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