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X-ray Technicians > Physics > Flashcards

Physics Flashcards

0
Q

Ohm

A

SI unit of resistance

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1
Q

Watts

A

SI unit of electrical power

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2
Q

Comptons affect

A

Secondary radiation formed by high energy photons striking a electron in its outer shell also know as scattered radiation producing energy radiation

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3
Q

Photon

A

Is a little piece of energy floating in space

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4
Q

Amperes

A

Is a the SI unit measurement for electrical current

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5
Q

Volts

A

sI unit of electromotive force

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6
Q

Bremsstrahlung or breaking radiation

A

Produced in the x Ray tube . The action of shooting electrons from the cathode to the anode the sudden deceleration produces x Rays with 99% heat and 1% radiation

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7
Q

Coulombs

A

The unit of measurement for electrical charge ( do not confuse with current)

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8
Q

Milliamperage meter

A

This measures the tube current

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9
Q

Kvp

A

Determines the quality of the X-ray beam

More Kvp say 120 vs 70 produces stronger more penetrating x Rays in less time

Less Kvp produces longer weaker x Rays

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10
Q

mAs

A

mA (50,100,150,200 dial on machine) and S= seconds/time = the combination of these two control the quantity of the electrons produced

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11
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit that matter can be divided into while still maintaining its unique properties

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12
Q

Bohr model

A

Devised by Neil’s Bohr set up like a solar system model with a central sun representing the nucleus and surrounding planets representing the electrons

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13
Q

Proton

A

Holds a positive charge is located in the nucleus

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14
Q

Neutron

A

Holds No charge and is located in the nucleus

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15
Q

Electron

A

Holds a negative charge smaller the the proton .

1 atom is a chemical element
2 or more atoms make up a molecule
2 or more Molecules make up a compound

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16
Q

Atomic number

A

Represents the letter Z . It os the total number of protons in the atom

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17
Q

Atomic mass

A

Representing the letter A it is the total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

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18
Q

Isotopes

A

An atom which has the correct number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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19
Q

Ions

A

An atom becomes an ion when it losses or gains a electron .

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20
Q

Ionization

A

This is the process of adding or subtracting a electron from a atom

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21
Q

Electrons

A

Electrons hold the same charge with means they are all negative

22
Q

Neutral atoms

A

A chemically neutral atom consists of an equal amount of protons and electrons .

23
Q

Electrons are bound

A

To the atom by the amount of electrons binding energy EBE

24
Q

EBE electric binding energy

A

This corresponds to energy levels . The closer the the lectern is to the nucleus the more EBE it exhibits. In otherwise the less likely the electron is to leave its orbital or be lost .

25
Q

Energy levels , called shells

K,L,M,N,O,P,Q,R,S

A

Each level is set as to how many electrons may be in that particular energy shell.

26
Q

Energy shell numbers

A 
k-2
L-8
M-18
N-32
O-50
P-72
Q-98
27
Q

Rule of octet

A

States that the outer shell aka the valance shell aka electrons can only hold a max of 8 electrons

28
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space

29
Q

3 forms of matter

A

Liquid . Solid , gas

30
Q

Energy

A

Is the ability to do work

31
Q

Types of energy

A

Kinetic- energy in motion

Potential - stored energy

32
Q

Electricity

A

Defined as the absence or excess of electrons

33
Q

Types of electric Current

A

DC- electrons move in one direction one way

AC- current moves in an alternating cycle . If you put them together you do not get a band

34
Q

Magnetism

A

The ability of a substance to attract iron like substances .

35
Q

Law of magnetism

A

The same charges or poles will repel each other while the unlike or poles will attract .

36
Q

Electro magnetic spectrum wavelength

A

Low frequency, long wavelength

Radio
Microwave
Infrared
Visible

High frequency, short wavelength

Ultraviolet
X-Ray
Gamma ray

37
Q

Electromagnetic radiation

A

3 types of ionizing radiation. We should be concert with 2

Compton effect medium energy ejects from orbit and creates a weaker photon which may also leave the pt to create scatter or radio graphic fog

Photoelectric - low energy ejects an electron from orbit

38
Q

X Rays are dangerous because ….

A

1) Give off light . Aka light shit up
2) Undergo biological changes (burns , DNA changes, loss of hair , genetic mutations in future generations
3) produce scatter radiation

39
Q

X Ray properties

A

1) travel in a straight line they can’t chase you around the corner
2) exhibit the same characteristics of waves or particles
3) cause certain materials to give of light

40
Q

The tube components

A

A vacuum to prevent electrons from hitting the other molecules mainly air

41
Q

Cathode

A

Is the Source of electron (where they are produced.

Easy way of remembering cathode makes electrons

42
Q

Focusing cup

A

Where the filaments are contained. So remember when we apply power the electrons start to form on the filament.

43
Q

Thermionic emissions or boiling off

A

Current is what is applied to the filament to create the electrons

44
Q

Dual filaments

A

More modern machines may have two filaments one small for little anatomy parts (hands,feet) and one for large body parts ( chest,spine )

45
Q

Anode

A

Made of tungsten. This is what the electrons hit to produce the primary radiation (bremsstrahlung)

46
Q

Rotating anode

A

Which is most commonly used for radiography because it allows for greater heat dissipation

47
Q

Stationary anode

A

Which is most used in dental radiography

48
Q

Target

A

The area of the anode which is struck by the electron beam

49
Q

Actual focal spot

A

The electron beam before striking the anode (bigger area)

50
Q

Effective focal spot

A

The beam that is projected toward the pt (smaller than the actual focal spot)

51
Q

The size of the effective focal spot is determined by

A

1) the angle of the anode (angle the bigger area/beam)

2) filaments larger filament = larger area/beam,smaller filament =smaller area beam

52
Q

Thermionic emissions (boiling off)

A

Electrons are created at the filaments when the filaments is heated by the high current . Think of boiling water as the water heats up or produces more bubbles

53
Q

Tube rating charts

A

Determines the safety of an exposure. Remember find the intersection on the chart of the point is below then it is safe exposure. If it is above the intersection then it is an unsafe exposure for the tube

X-ray Technicians (2 decks)

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